In Paris, in 1535, a songbook was published that would have a long-lasting impact on the market for French printed songs without music notation. Most noteworthy is that this songbook was the first of its kind to demonstrate considerable overlap in repertoire selection between printed songs pertaining to a category of affordable, popular literature on the one hand, and contemporary music books on the other. It therefore offers a valuable gateway to investigate the interrelations between the early sixteenth-century markets for printed songbooks with and without music. 1 Song texts without music belonged to a category of print that is generally characterized by terms such as "popular" or "cheap." This category is hard to define, since it is not exclusively determined by specific characteristics such as content, audience, genre, or even price. Cheap or popular print was, for instance, not solely intended for a lower class clientele but was also enjoyed by the higher classes, and it included a broad range of themes and genres, including almanacs, calendars, newspapers, pamphlets, street songs, devotional books, primers, and many more. The material characteristics varied as well, and although usually affordable, some prints included elaborate illustrations and were not even cheap in the strictest sense. Additionally, it should be noted that the notion of popular print was not-or at least not in any systematic way-used as a separate category in the sixteenthcentury sources. Instead, it is a heuristic label applied to early printed books by modern scholars. Still, the existence of such a broad and diversified category of print is clearly recognizable across Europe, as has recently been underlined by numerous studies applying a transnational approach to early modern popular print culture. 2 [44.224.250.200] Project MUSE (2024-06-04 02:06 GMT)