Poor anaerobic power/capability and static balance predicted prospective musculoskeletal injuries among Soldiers of the 101st Airborne (Air Assault) Division

Nagai, Takashi; Lovalekar, Mita; Wohleber, Meleesa F.; Perlsweig, Katherine A.; Wirt, Michael D.; Beals, Kim

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2017.10.023

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Considering the location of the injuries, similar to our results, special forces operators were reported to suffer a wider distribution of injuries across multiple joints, including the knee and ankle 6. Nagai et al 14 reported that most musculoskeletal injuries occurred in the knee, lumbo-pelvic area and ankle, with types of injury including low back pain, ankle sprain, patellofemoral pain, knee pain, shoulder pain and shin splints. As for the trigger of pain, in the current study most participants reported that running, walking, specific movements and weight bearing were the main factors that were the trigger for their pain.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Yet, only a limited number of studies looked for those parameters in relation to injuries among soldiers. Nagai et al ,14 for example, reported that soldiers who developed an injury along a 1-year follow-up had significantly inferior static balance variables at baseline measurement 14. In the present study, we found that reduced DPB in the posterior-medial direction (specifically) may differentiate between injured and non-injured participants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…It should be understood that an injury such as an ankle sprain during warfare of an untrained soldier can be lethal for the force. Furthermore, soldiers who developed an injury within a year following baseline tests were found to have significantly lower baseline balance, and were found to be at higher risk of further musculoskeletal injuries 14. Thus, the lower extremities—and ankle joints in particular—require optimal functioning during repeated movements on unstable surfaces, especially when accompanied by a significant amount of external weight 3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of injuries and factors related to injuries in combat soldiers

Yavnai¹,

Bar-Sela

Pantanowitz

et al. 2020

BMJ Mil Health

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IntroductionMusculoskeletal injuries to the lower extremities are major factors contributing to drop out from military tasks. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries and the parameters that differentiate between the soldiers who incurred these injuries and those who did not along 14 weeks of an infantry commanders course.MethodsOne-hundred and sixty-eight participants were recruited from an infantry commanders course. The soldiers were tested before (pre), in the middle (middle) and at the end (last) of the course for anthropometric measurements, proprioceptive ability and dynamic postural balance (DPB), and filled out an ankle stability questionnaire (Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT). A physiotherapist followed and recorded all musculoskeletal injuries incurred by the participants during the course.ResultsFifty-eight participants out of the 168 (34.5%) reported some pain/injury. Time effects were found for body mass index, DPB asymmetry, DPB in posterior-medial (P-M) direction and proprioception ability. Injury effects were found for DPB asymmetry, DPB in P-M direction, CAIT and proprioception ability. An interaction was found for proprioception ability. The Cox regression showed that the variables that are mostly effecting injuries were pretesting proprioception ability, DPB asymmetry and CAIT.ConclusionsMore than one out of three participants incurred musculoskeletal injuries, with deficits in proprioception ability, DPB and ankle stability in pretesting as major factors contributing to injuries. Further studies should look at the effect of specific exercises such as proprioception, DPB and ankle stability exercises for prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal injuries among combat soldiers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Incidence of injuries and factors related to injuries in combat soldiers

Yavnai¹,

Bar-Sela

Pantanowitz

et al. 2020

BMJ Mil Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previously, the YBT has been used in several military populations (15,38,41,45) and was found to predict future musculoskeletal injuries (45). Nagai et al (23) reported that reduced static balance was found to be a predictor of future injuries among soldiers, and they suggested that instituting injury prevention programs developed to improve balance might reduce the rate of musculoskeletal injury. In this study, it was expected that the INT group would improve their DPB and proprioception abilities to a greater extent than the CO group, with continuous improvement from the pretesting to the last testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury Prevention Exercises for Reduced Incidence of Injuries in Combat Soldiers

Steinberg

Bar-Sela

Moran

et al. 2021

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Injury prevention exercises for reduced incidence of injuries in combat soldiers. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3128-3138, 2021-The aim of this study was to determine the influence of an "all-cause injury" prevention program, focused on static-to-dynamic transitions, on injury prevalence in a military commanders course. Two cohorts of male infantry commanders were recruited (intervention [INT group], n 5 196 and controls [CO group], n 5 169) and tracked by a physiotherapist, who recorded any injuries that occurred during the 14week course. Soldiers were tested precourse, midcourse, and postcourse for anthropometrics, proprioception ability, and dynamic postural balance (DPB). The INT group performed injury prevention exercises for 5 minutes, 3 times a week, and the CO group continued with their routine physical fitness sessions. The prevalence of injuries reported to the physiotherapist during the course was significantly lower for the INT group compared with the CO group (14.8 and 34.3%, respectively, p , 0.001). Similarly, rates of injury in the INT group were significantly lower than in the CO group (p , 0.001; hazard 5 2.53, 95% confidence interval 5 1.62-3.95). Precourse proprioception ability was significantly lower in those that became injured during the commanders course, irrespective of the group. Likewise, for DPB parameters, the injured subjects in both groups had significantly lower precourse scores than the noninjured subjects. From pretesting to midtesting, the injured soldiers in the INT group improved their ability up to the level of the noninjured subjects. A reduced prevalence of injuries was found for soldiers who completed the injury prevention program. Because the subjects soldiers injured on the course had reduced somatosensory abilities at the outset, and as these abilities can be improved by static-to-dynamic exercises, identifying at-risk soldiers and providing them with appropriate strategies for improvement beforehand is indicated.

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“…This is likely due to the fact that many tactical tasks require long-term, moderate-intensity physical activity. In addition, strength and power are both critical requirements necessary for tactical training, and suboptimal levels of either strength or power have been associated with lowerextremity injuries including overuse injuries at the knee (22,25). Load carriage during rucking, which is an essential component of SOF training, places a heavy demand on the spine, lower back, and knees (17,30,31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Physical Performance Following Advanced Special Operations Tactical Training

Winters

Heebner

Johnson

et al. 2021

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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The purpose of this study was to determine how the unique challenges of specific military tactical training phases influence overall physical performance characteristics. Broad jump, 5-10-5, 300-yd shuttle, percent body fat (%BF), anaerobic power (AP) and anaerobic capacity (AC), maximal oxygen uptake (V Ȯ2 max), isokinetic knee extension/flexion strength, shoulder internal/external rotation strength, and trunk extension/flexion strength were collected on 73 United States Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command (MARSOC) students (age: 27.4 6 3.8 years, height: 178.7 6 6.6 cm, and body mass: 85.8 6 9.4 kg) at the beginning of (P1), in between (P2), and at the completion of 2 distinct tactical training phases (P3). Linear mixed models were used to analyze within-subject performance changes over the 3 time points, and post hoc Bonferroni pairwise comparisons analyzed performance changes between each testing time point. There were significant changes in broad jump (p , 0.0001), 5-10-5 agility time (p , 0.001), %BF (p 5 0.011), AP (p , 0.0001), V Ȯ2 max (p 5 0.001), and both right and left shoulder internal rotation strength (p 5 0.004 and p 5 0.015, respectively) between P1 and P2. There were also significant changes in 300-yd shuttle run time (p 5 0.001), AP (p , 0.0001), AC (p , 0.0001), left knee extension strength (p 5 0.006), trunk flexion strength (p , 0.0001), and left shoulder external rotation strength (0.027) between P2 and P3. Identifying the effect that specific tactical training phases may have on physical performance will allow for the development of effective phase-specific evidence-based human performance programs, reducing performance deficits and thereby reducing the risk of injury.

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Poor anaerobic power/capability and static balance predicted prospective musculoskeletal injuries among Soldiers of the 101st Airborne (Air Assault) Division

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Incidence of injuries and factors related to injuries in combat soldiers

Incidence of injuries and factors related to injuries in combat soldiers

Injury Prevention Exercises for Reduced Incidence of Injuries in Combat Soldiers

Altered Physical Performance Following Advanced Special Operations Tactical Training

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