Pooled analysis of 3 european case‐control studies: I. Reproductive factors and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer

Negri, Eva; Franceschi, Silvia; Τζώνου, Αναστασία; Booth, Margaret; Vecchia, Carlo La; Parazzini, Fabio; Beral, Valerie; Boyle, P; Trichopoulos, D

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910490110

Cited by 149 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our finding that adverse birth outcomes, including pregnancy losses, were not significantly associated with ovarian cancer risk is consistent with most (for example, Hartge et al, 1989;Chen et al, 1992;Polychronopoulou et al, 1993), but not all previous studies (for example, Whittemore et al, 1988;Negri et al, 1991). The reduced risk observed in association with preterm, full term, or twin births is consistent with the protective effect of parity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In this study, late age at first birth was associated with reduced risk, although the effect was observed only in women who had used oral contraceptives and whose ovarian cancer was diagnosed before menopause. A few previous studies (Purdie et al, 1995), including the collaborative analysis of 12 population-based studies (Whittemore et al, 1992) also noted an inverse relationship between age at first birth and risk, but most found no association (for example, Risch et al, 1994), or an increased risk (for example, Negri et al, 1991). In contrast to previous studies (Risch et al, 1994;Salazar-Martinez et al, 1999), we also found a significant association between increasing age at last birth and reduced risk.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

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Menstrual and reproductive factors in relation to ovarian cancer risk

et al. 2001

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The reduced risk of epithelial ovarian cancer associated with parity and oral contraceptive use suggests that pituitary and/or ovarian hormones or ovulatory events are important in the aetiology of these tumours (Cramer, 1986). Nevertheless, despite extensive study, the influence of menstrual and reproductive factors, with the exception of parity, remains uncertain. In this report, we evaluate menstrual and reproductive characteristics in relation to ovarian cancer risk overall, and in relation to the major tumour histologic subtypes. Our findings are considered in light of several current hypotheses regarding ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Briefly, the incessant ovulation hypothesis suggests that risk is increased by chronic post-ovulatory trauma to the epithelial surface of the ovary, and the tendency to form inclusion cysts (Fathalla, 1971;Casagrande et al, 1979). The gonadotrophin hypothesis proposes that excessive gonadotropin secretion and consequent increases in oestrogen stimulation lead to proliferation and malignant transformation of ovarian epithelium . More recent hypotheses have suggested a role for chronic ovarian inflammation (Ness, 1999), androgens and progesterone (Risch, 1998), and the possibility that pregnancies reduce risk by clearing transforming cells from the ovaries (ovarian clearance) (Adami et al, 1994). METHODSWe conducted a population-based, case-control study of epithelial ovarian cancer in eastern Massachusetts (MA) and New Hampshire (NH). The methods used have been previously described Harlow et al, 1998). Briefly, 1033 potentially eligible case women (ages 20 to 74) were ascertained between May 1992 and March 1997 through state-wide cancer registries (NH, MA) and hospital tumour boards (MA). After exclusion of patients who had nonepithelial tumours (n = 52), and those who had died (n = 91), moved out of state (n = 27), had no telephone (n = 24), or did not speak English (n = 14), 825 case women were eligible for the study. Physicians denied permission to contact 126 (14%) of these women, and 136 (16%) of women declined to participate. This analysis is based on 563 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer, including lesions of borderline malignancy.Control women were identified primarily by random digit dialing (RDD) (Waksberg, 1978), and matched to case women by age (within 4 years) and telephone sampling unit. Of approximately 5400 residential households contacted, 10% declined to provide a household census, and 80% provided a census, but lacked a potentially eligible control subject. In the remaining 10% of households, a potentially eligible control was identified. 72% of the potential control women agreed to participate in the study. In MA, control women of age 60 or older were randomly chosen from Town Books, and matched to case women by age and precinct. Of 328 control women selected from Town Books, 21% Summary We assessed menstrual and reproductive factors in relation to ovarian cancer risk in a large, population-based, case-control study. 563 cases in Massachusetts and New Hampsh...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Menstrual and reproductive factors in relation to ovarian cancer risk

et al. 2001

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“…Women who have never had children are twice as likely to develop this disease. First pregnancy at an early age, early menopause, and the use of oral contraceptives have been associated with lower risks of ovarian cancer [27]. The relationship of these variables to fallopian tube cancer is unclear.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BRCA mutations may also occur in women without a family history of breast/ovarian cancer, and genetic testing should be considered in patients from ethnic groups where there is a high incidence of founder mutations (e.g. Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry), and in women with high-grade serous cancers under the age of 70 years [26][27][28][29][30]. Australian guidelines [34] suggest that all women with epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosed under the age of 70 should be considered for BRCA mutation testing independent of family history and histological subtype.…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum

Berek

Crum

Friedlander

2015

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

123

119

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“…Most research show correlation. One of basic factors of ovarian cancer is childlessness and anovulation [12]. In a research by McGovan et al [13] risk of ovarian cancer in nullipara was 2.45-times higher compared to multipara and 1.27-times higher compared to unipara.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%