Pool Fires in Chemical Process Industries: Occurrence, Mechanism, Management

Vipin, .; Pandey, S. K.; Tauseef, S. M.; Abbasi, S. A.

doi:10.1007/s11668-018-0517-2

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Accidents in chemical and process industries occur due to flammable fuel storage, transportation, and production. [ 1,2 ] Approximately 60% of petrochemical storage tank accidents involve fires as per the statistics of industrial accidents. [ 1,3 ] Vipin et al [ 1 ] have chronologically summarized pool fire accidents from 1955 to 2009 with details of fuel, place, and occurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 1,2 ] Approximately 60% of petrochemical storage tank accidents involve fires as per the statistics of industrial accidents. [ 1,3 ] Vipin et al [ 1 ] have chronologically summarized pool fire accidents from 1955 to 2009 with details of fuel, place, and occurrence. A review conducted by Chen et al [ 2 ] lists out some more pool fire accidents that have taken place in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review conducted by Chen et al [ 2 ] lists out some more pool fire accidents that have taken place in recent years. A thorough analysis of industrial incidents shows that pool fires frequently result in industrial accidents [ 1,2,4,5 ] that endanger the safety of workers and property. Multiple pool fire (MPF) accidents result from more than one pool fire in close vicinity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Numerical prediction of fire dynamics and the safety zone in large‐scale multiple pool fire in a dike using flamelet model

Nemalipuri,

Singh,

Vitankar

et al. 2023

Can J Chem Eng

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This research aims to develop a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology for estimating the safety zone around a dike with multiple pool fire (MPF). This study predicts the safety zone and burning characteristics of heptane MPF inside a square dike in calm wind and worst‐case crosswind situations using unsteady simulations. The heptane MPF is modelled using flamelet approach with large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model incorporating the soot generation. Discrete ordinates and Moss–Brookes model estimate the effect of participating medium radiation on prediction of safety distance and soot production. The discretization is incorporated using an isotropic trimmed cell mesher with local refinement to resolve the flame characteristics in Simcenter STAR CCM+. An extensive grid‐independence study has been executed to find the optimal mesh. The flame temperature and O2 and CO2 mass fraction predictions in calm wind conditions are in good agreement with the experimental findings of Koseki and Yumoto and the maximum flame temperature predictions are within 2.8% error. The safety zone is predicted using the estimated radiative heat flux. The effect of different ordinate sets (angular discretization S4, S6, and S12) approach on safety distance prediction is investigated. The validated grid independent CFD model combined with flamelet generated manifold model and LES turbulence model is proposed to predict the safety zone for industrial MPF in crosswind scenarios, thereby preventing human fatalities and property loss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical prediction of fire dynamics and the safety zone in large‐scale multiple pool fire in a dike using flamelet model

Nemalipuri,

Singh,

Vitankar

et al. 2023

Can J Chem Eng

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“…Liquid pool fires are the most frequent type of fire event occurring in the process industries (Vasanth et al, 2013) with their prevalence due, in part, to the variety of circumstances in which they can occur. As well as standalone events, liquid pool fires are commonly involved in chains of ignition events collectively known as domino-effect accidents (Darbra et al, 2010;Abdolhamidzadeh et al, 2011;Vipin et al, 2018). The financial losses associated with large-scale industrial fires can be substantial, for example, four of the five largest process industry losses recorded in the year 2016-17 involved fire events responsible for property losses in excess of $1700 million (U.S) (Marsh, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The events led to the death of 12 people and injuries to 200 more as well as loss of the entire fuel inventory on site over a two week period of burning. This illustrates that such incidents can lead to considerable human harm and extensive damage to plant and the environment (Vipin et al, 2018). Industry accident statistics illustrate that around 60% of petrochemical storage tank accidents involve fire (Chang and Lin, 2006) with around 15-20 tank fires occurring per year since the 1990's (Persson and Lӧnnermark, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of CFD simulations of transient pool fire burning rates

Stewart

Phylaktou

Andrews

et al. 2021

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

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Fire is the most commonly occurring major accident hazard in the chemical and process industries, with industry accident statistics highlighting the liquid pool fire as the most frequent fire event. Modelling of such phenomena feeds heavily into industry risk assessment and consequence analyses. Traditional simple empirical equations cannot account for the full range of factors influencing pool fire behaviour or increasingly complex plant design. The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling enables a greater understanding of pool fire behaviour to be gained numerically and provides the capability to deal with complex scenarios.This paper presents an evaluation of the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) for predictive modelling of liquid pool fire burning rates. Specifically, the work examines the ability of the model to predict temporal variations in the burning rate of open atmosphere pool fires. Fires ranging from 0.4 to 4 m in diameter, involving ethanol and a range of liquid hydrocarbons as fuels, are considered and comparisons of predicted fuel mass loss rates are compared to experimental measurements.The results show that the liquid pyrolysis sub-model in FDS gives consistent model performance for fully predictive modelling of liquid pool fire burning rates, particularly during quasi-steady burning. However, the model falls short of predicting the subtleties associated with each phase of the transient burning process, failing to reliably predict fuel mass loss rates during fire growth and extinction. The results suggest a range of model modifications which could lead to improved prediction of the transient fire growth and extinction phases of burning for liquid pool fires, specifically, investigation of: ignition modelling techniques for high boiling temperature liquid fuels; a combustion regime combining both infinite and finite-rate chemistry; a solution method which accounts for two-or three-dimensional heat conduction effects in the liquid-phase; alternative surrogate fuel compositions for multi-component hydrocarbon fuels; and modification of the solution procedure used at the liquid-gas interface during fire extinction.

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Experimental study on the buoyant turbulent diffusion flame height of various intermittent levels

Sun,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Applied Energy

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Pool Fires in Chemical Process Industries: Occurrence, Mechanism, Management

Cited by 9 publications

References 88 publications

Numerical prediction of fire dynamics and the safety zone in large‐scale multiple pool fire in a dike using flamelet model

Numerical prediction of fire dynamics and the safety zone in large‐scale multiple pool fire in a dike using flamelet model

Evaluation of CFD simulations of transient pool fire burning rates

Experimental study on the buoyant turbulent diffusion flame height of various intermittent levels

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