PON Monitoring: Periodic Encoders With Low Capital and Operational Cost

Performance analysis of DS-OCDMA using novel multi-level periodic codes

“…In this case we observe a main lobe of one for flat and ML-PC codes. We can also note that similar to the well known prime codes, high out-of-phase sidelobes appear with maximum equal to (˱-1) pulses [8]. For flat periodic codes { #{ % & Ŵ ŻŹ, however, for ML-PC this is 0.61 (the sum of its highest three pulses).…”

Real-time monitoring in passive optical access networks using L-band ASE and varied bandwidth and reflectivity of fiber Bragg gratings

“…Another monitoring scheme based on optical code division multiplexing (OCDM) monitoring was introduced by [8,9]. A U-band short pulse was used as the monitoring signal and it will be transmitted to each encoder.…”

Fiber Ring Encoder for PON Fault Monitoring

“…In this system, no active components are placed in the field between the customer and the CO and no intelligent modules are embedded inside the customer's ONT. Some practical encoders have been proposed in [9][10] for fault monitoring which increases the capacity while maintaining a relatively low cost.…”

“…Note that optical rings and micro rings recently become very popular as enabling technology for the development of filters, multiplexers, switching and channel dropping applications [11]. Compared to that of [9] where two gratings are required with two different reflectivities, this encoder replaces one of the gratings by a 2x2 coupler, hence further decreasing the encoder cost. Recall that the PON market is very cost-sensitive, particularly for network elements not shared between customers, i.e.…”