Polyzwitterionic Coating of Porous Adsorbents for Therapeutic Apheresis

Abstract

Adsorbents for whole blood apheresis need to be highly blood compatible to minimize the activation of blood cells on the biomaterial surface. Here, we developed blood-compatible matrices by surface modification with polyzwitterionic polysulfobetainic and polycarboxybetainic coatings. Photoreactive zwitterionic terpolymers were synthesized by free-radical polymerization of zwitterionic, photoreactive, and fluorescent monomers. Upon UV irradiation, the terpolymers were photodeposited and mutually crosslinked on the surface of hydrophobic polystyrene-co-divinylbenzene and hydrophilic polyacrylamide-co-polyacrylate (DALI) beads. Fluorescent microscopy revealed coatings with an average thickness of 5 µm, which were limited to the bead surface. Blood compatibility was assessed based on polymer-induced hemolysis, coagulation parameters, and in vitro tests. The maintenance of the adsorption capacity after coating was studied in human whole blood with cytokines for polystyrene beads (remained capacity 25–67%) and with low-density lipoprotein (remained capacity 80%) for polyacrylate beads. Coating enhanced the blood compatibility of hydrophobic, but not of hydrophilic adsorbents. The most prominent effect was observed on coagulation parameters (e.g., PT, aPTT, TT, and protein C) and neutrophil count. Polycarboxybetaine with a charge spacer of five carbons was the most promising polyzwitterion for the coating of adsorbents for whole blood apheresis.

Aminolysis-Based Zwitterionic Immobilization on Polyethersulfone Membranes for Enhanced Hemocompatibility: Experimental, Computational, and Ex Vivo Investigations

“…The path for identifying successful implementation of SB on the membrane surface starts with locating the amine at 1650 cm −1 , and adding a sulfonate functional group at 1030 cm −1 and 1050 cm −1 . The wave number is also in agreement with the location of the sulfonate of sulfobetaine methacrylate at 1033 cm −1 [83].…”

“…ATR-FTIR assessment of the PES-CB membrane sample reveals the formation of the zwitterionic structure by the simultaneous presence of two peaks. The first peak near 1640 cm −1 was attributed to quaternary nitrogen [83]. The COOwas confirmed by the peak at 1380 cm −1 [84].…”

Práticas De Cuidado Dos Remanescentes De Quilombo Do Município De Oriximiná, Baixo Amazonas

“…Portanto, apesar de estudos que favorecem a utilização desse biomarcador, é necessário a continuidade de pesquisas visto a natureza heterogênea da sepse, a qual inclui ampla gama de sinais e sintomas e a associação da procalcitonina com outros potenciais biomarcadores deve ser estabelecida para que se possibilite informações adicionais acerca do problema (Póvoa et al, 2023). fatores intrínsecos e de via comum prejudicados (Semak et al, 2022).…”

Design of new zwitterionic microparticles with intrinsic antibacterial activity

“…Thus, the attention was directed to those polymeric materials that possess both antifouling and bactericidal properties at the same time, as well as the ability to adapt to external stimuli such as pH, light, ionic strength, and electric field 21–24 . Some examples of polymeric materials with antimicrobial activity based on polybetaines are represented by: ion–responsive smart materials based on poly(3‐(1‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)1‐H‐imidazol‐3‐ium‐3yl) propane‐1 sulfonate) brushes, 25 poly(carboxybetaine)‐antimicrobial agent conjugate, 26 polymethacrylic and polyimine sulfobetaines and carboxybetaines, 27 gold nanoparticles covered by sialic acid/sulfobetaine, 28 and hydrophobic porous polystyrene microparticles or hydrophilic polyacrylate microparticles coated with poly(sulfobetaine) of poly(carboxybetaine) polymers 29 …”

“…[21][22][23][24] Some examples of polymeric materials with antimicrobial activity based on polybetaines are represented by: ion-responsive smart materials based on poly(3-(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)1-H-imidazol-3-ium-3yl) propane-1 sulfonate) brushes, 25 poly(carboxybetaine)-antimicrobial agent conjugate, 26 polymethacrylic and polyimine sulfobetaines and carboxybetaines, 27 gold nanoparticles covered by sialic acid/sulfobetaine, 28 and hydrophobic porous polystyrene microparticles or hydrophilic polyacrylate microparticles coated with poly(sulfobetaine) of poly(carboxybetaine) polymers. 29 Even if zwitterionic crosslinked porous polymers are already studied in the literature, herein the synthesis of four original crosslinked zwitterionic porous microparticles with carboxybetaine and sulfobetaine moieties was aimed. The judicious selection of the copolymerization reaction partners (glycidyl methacrylate for its hydrophobic character, N-vinylimidazole, being hydrophilic and containing nitrogen atoms and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a crosslinker agent), as well as the synthesis method (suspension polymerization, already known for its economic and technical advantages) and optimization of reaction parameters, lead to new macromolecular structures as porous microparticles that proved to have remarkable intrinsic antibacterial properties for the tested stains.…”