Polyvinylidene fluoride—An advanced smart polymer for electromagnetic interference shielding applications—A novel review

Abstract

Emerging technology and modernization have become a worldwide threat to human life in all aspects. Worldwide, all countries are in the race to develop the most advanced electronic devices and gadgets as they reflect the country's superiority and economic development. Specialists have forecasted that during and after the pandemic, the addiction toward modern gadgets have increased by 40% among the people irrespective of age. A few researchers have reported that the world economy is dependent on and dominated by countries manufacturing semiconductors, mobiles, electronic chips, and so on. People started sensing that modern devices are like a boon, as their lives seem to be more connected and comfortable with all their needs and wants being fulfilled at their doorsteps. But this boon is slowly whirling as a severe threat to human lives. Due to this rapid usage of electronic devices, electromagnetic interference (EMI) is drastically growing, which is considered a global warning issue for commercial and biological systems. So advanced countries have decided to make EMI shielding a compulsory entity to be implemented in all advanced electronic devices. Though traditional materials like metals and carbon allotropes have excellent shielding properties, they cannot cope with today's mass production of modern devices. Thus, researchers had to find a suitable substitute material that should possess properties such as sustainability and biocompatibility to overcome problems faced by the conventional materials. Thus, polymers have come into the world of EMI shielding applications. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a non‐conductive polymer from the family of Fluorocarbons, is creating history in the field of EMI shielding applications. PVDF astonished researchers with its versatile features, such as light weight, flexibility, and easy processibility with excellent dielectric and piezoelectric properties. Though they are poor in electrically conductive properties, incorporating metals, carbon allotropes, and metal oxides as fillers make them superior to the existing conventional materials. Thus, the main objective of this review article is to highlight the uniqueness of PVDF as an advanced polymer for EMI shielding applications. It has been noted that PVDF is more suitable for EMI shielding in X, K, and Ku band frequencies. But overall, we noticed that the performance of PVDF has a great impact by incorporating a combination of metal and carbon allotrope enhances the shielding effectiveness up to 65 dB in the Ku‐band (Kurz‐under) frequency band range of (12–18 GHz).

Smart and Multifunctional Materials Based on Electroactive Poly(vinylidene fluoride): Recent Advances and Opportunities in Sensors, Actuators, Energy, Environmental, and Biomedical Applications

“…Due to the ever-increasing use of electronic devices and wireless technologies, electromagnetic interference (EMI) has become a significant concern in the framework of the digitalization of society. PVDF shows great potential as an effective EMI shielding material in the form of composites, that have already demonstrated excellent EMI shielding performance through the ability to block or absorb electromagnetic waves, and to protect sensitive electronic components from environmental interference. , …”

“…PVDF shows great potential as an effective EMI shielding material in the form of composites, that have already demonstrated excellent EMI shielding performance through the ability to block or absorb electromagnetic waves, and to protect sensitive electronic components from environmental interference. 237,238 These composites have been produced from various fillers, such as conductive (carbonaceous), magnetic (ferrite), and ceramic (ZnO) particles, among others, where the morphology and size of the fillers, their dispersion and other parameters such as the thickness of the composite play an important role in the electromagnetic shielding performance. 238 To improve its performance, it is essential to further understand and tune the interfaces established between the fillers and the PVDF matrix.…”

Biopolymer-coated composites for enhanced dielectric and electromagnetic interference shielding applications - a green initiative

“…Additionally, carbon allotropes such as graphene and carbon black can operate through multiple reflections mechanism as these materials have a high aspect ratio. Literature reports have mentioned that graphene and carbon allotropes are highly adopted for shielding applications because these materials' dimensions are less than the skin depth, making them penetrate more easily than metals, especially in the GHz range [50]. This is the main reason that the filler content increases the conductivity of the composites, which are responsible for the attenuation of EM waves.…”

Microwave-assisted ZnO-decorated carbon urchin resembling ‘shish-kebab’ morphology with self-healing and enhanced electromagnetic shielding properties

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] However, the high density of miniaturized devices in these sectors is generating serious electromagnetic (EM) radiation and deteriorating the smooth functioning of devices. 1,[11][12][13] These harmful radiations have become challenging for human health. Consequently, there is a pressing requirement for effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials that are capable of interacting with undesired radiation and converting them into heat energy.…”

“…Zinc oxide (ZnO), with a high dielectric constant, can be a potential EMI shielding material, especially at GHz frequencies. 2,12,[26][27][28] Additionally, its large-scale synthesis and facile preparation processes are extremely advantageous owing to their industrial utility. Currently, ZnO-based hybrid materials have gained huge attention.…”