Polyvinylchloride surface with enhanced cell/bacterial adhesion-resistant and antibacterial functions

Abstract

This study reports synthesis and attachment of a novel antibacterial and hydrophilic polymer onto a polyvinylchloride surface via a simple and mild surface coating technique. The compound 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone was derivatized and copolymerized with N-vinylpyrrolidone. The copolymer was then covalently coated onto polyvinylchloride surface. 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells and bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to evaluate surface adhesion and antibacterial activity. Results showed that the polymer-modified polyvinylchloride surface not only exhibited significantly decreased 3T3 fibroblast cell adhesion with a 64–84% reduction but also demonstrated significantly decreased P. aeruginosa adhesion with a 65–84% reduction, as compared to unmodified polyvinylchloride. Furthermore, the modified polyvinylchloride surfaces exhibited significant antibacterial functions by inhibiting P. aeruginosa growth with a 58–80% reduction and killing bacteria, as compared to unmodified polyvinylchloride. These results demonstrate that covalent polymer attachment conferred cell/bacterial adhesion-resistant and antibacterial properties to the polyvinylchloride surface.

Polyvinylchloride surface modified with polymer brushes for reduced protein, cell and bacteria attachment

“…In other words, implantable materials or devices must demonstrate an antifouling function. Over the last several years, we have been working on PVC surface modification with different approaches [20,21,35]. However, none of them could completely diminish protein adsorption and cell adhesion.…”

“…A disk shape of PVC sheet was prepared by circulating PVC into a disk with a diameter of 7‐mm. The formed disks were placed in a glass vial with tetrabutylammonium bromide (1.5%, w/v) and sodium azide (15%, w/v) in 8 mL distilled water [20]. After stirring at 75°C for 6 h, the disks were rinsed with distilled water three times to have azido groups on the PVC–PVCN 3 .…”

“…The cell adhesion test was conducted following our published protocol [20]. 3T3 mouse fibroblasts (NIH-3T3) were used to assess cell adhesion on the PVC surface.…”

“…The main concern for this technique is the integrity of the surface after surface activation because many chemicals or solvents used for activation are organic and very polar, which may damage the surface [19]. Our prior research has demonstrated that we can successfully activate PVC without damaging the surface via a non-destructive strategy [20,21]. To coat a hydrophilic polymer onto the activated surface via a chemical surface modification, three strategies have been applied [22,23]: (1) attaching a preformed polymer to a surface through pendant reactive groups from the polymer backbone via a multi-point surface reaction, resulting in a polymer chain laying down on the surface [20][21][22][23]; (2) attaching a preformed polymer end-capped with a reactive group to a surface via a single point surface reaction, resulting in a polymer chain extending from the surface [21][22][23]; and (3) coupling an initiator to a surface, followed by introducing a growing polymer onto the surface by in situ polymerisation of monomers, resulting in a polymer chain directly growing from the surface [22,23].…”

Effect of Recombinant Human Perlecan Domain V Tethering Method on Protein Orientation and Blood Contacting Activity on Polyvinyl Chloride

“…[14] Surface modification of PVC for these applications via wet chemical methods relies on modification via hydrolysis, oxidation, or aminolysis and have been used to tether biomolecules such as heparin, alginate, dextran, and hyaluronan [15,16] or synthetic polymer brushes such as poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) [17] and polyethylene glycol. [18] Alternatively, plasma or UV treatment can be used for surface activation of PVC followed by functionalization with antibacterial compounds, [19][20][21][22][23][24] synthetic polymers such as poly(carboxybetaine) and poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate) [25] or biomolecules such as albumin [26] or chitosan [27,28] for blood contacting applications. However, PIII is yet to be explored for the immobilization of biomolecules on PVC capable of modulating vascular cell bioactivity.…”