Polyvinylalkohol-Lactophenol-Gemisch als Einbettungsmittel f�r Blattl�use

Heinze, Kurt

doi:10.1007/bf00591256

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Fungi have been claimed to represent a threat to slide collections especially under humid conditions (Heinze 1952;Brown 1997: p. 6;Gütebier 2011;Zander 2014), but we have found no convincing evidence. Possibly, such evidence may have been presented in certain taxonomic articles.…”

Section: Fungicontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…Arthropods are often stained with acid fuchsin, basic fuchsin in ammonia, borax carmine, cibacron turquoise blue GE, chlorazol black E, eosin, Evans blue, fast green, light green, lignin pink, methyl blue, orange G, phenol-fuchsin (= Ziehl's carbol-fuchsin), procion blue 3GS, safranin, and toluidine blue; specimens are often, but not always, macerated before staining (Imms 1929, pp. 167-168;Hardwick 1950;Heinze 1952;Mitchell & Cook 1952;Evans & Browning 1955;Knudsen 1966, p. 274;English & Heron 1976;Hockin 1981;Huys & Boxshall 1991, p. 450;Saito et al 1993;Koomen & Vaupel Klein 1995;Amrine & Manson 1996;Martin 1999, p. 125;Faraji & Bakker 2008). The stain has to be compatible with the clearing medium and the mounting medium if the former is used at all (Tab.…”

Section: Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). It has been used as the polymer of homemade media for mounting arthropods and contains glycerol and lactic acid; acetone, chloral hydrate, or phenol were included or not; the medium is also commercially available (Tabs 5, 12, 13;Downs 1943;Salmon 1947Salmon , 1951aSalmon , 1951bSalmon , 1954Gray & Wess 1950;Brown 1951;Heinze 1952;Lipovsky 1953;Rutledge 1954;Russel 1961;Singer 1967;Heikinheimo 1988;Koomen & Vaupel Klein 1995). Zander (2014) suggested a home-made mounting medium, Elmer's Washable Clear School Glue™, or Colorations™ Washable Clear Glue for delicate plant specimens; all media seem to consist mainly of a poly(vinyl alcohol), glycerol, and water.…”

Section: Poly(vinyl Alcohol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…du Pont de Nemours (RH-349), which dissolved in cold but not in warm water. Heinze (1952) used poly(vinyl alcohol) either from Wacker (W 28-02) or from Bayer (S 70). Beer (1954Beer ( , p. 1111 recommended Type B low-viscosity Elvanol 70-05 and 90-25.…”

Section: Poly(vinyl Alcohol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations

Neuhaus

Schmid

Riedel

2017

Zootaxa

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A wide range of aspects concerning microscope slides, their preparation, long-time storage, curatorial measures in collections, deterioration, restoration, and study is summarized based on our own data and by analyzing more than 600 references from the 19th century until 2016, 15 patents, and about 100 Materials Safety Data Sheets. Information from systematic zoology, conservation sciences, chemistry, forensic sciences, pathology, paleopathology, applied sciences like food industry, and most recent advances in digital imaging are put together in order to obtain a better understanding of which and possibly why mounting media and coverslip seals deteriorate, how slides can be salvaged, which studies may be necessary to identify a range of ideal mounting media, and how microscope studies can benefit from improvements in developmental biology and related fields. We also elaborate on confusing usage of concepts like that of maceration and of clearing. The chemical ingredients of a range of mounting media and coverslip seals are identified as much as possible from published data, but this information suffers in so far as the composition of a medium is often proprietary of the manufacturer and may vary over time. Advantages, disadvantages, and signs of deterioration are documented extensively for these media both from references and from our own observations. It turns out that many media degrade within a few years, or decades at the latest, except Canada balsam with a documented life-time of 150 years, Euparal with a documented life-time of 50 years, and glycerol-paraffin mounts sealed with Glyceel, which represents almost the only non-deteriorating and easily reversible mount. Deterioration reveals itself as a yellowing in natural resins and as cracking, crystallization, shrinkage on drying or possibly on loss of a plasticizer, detachment of the coverslip, segregation of the ingredients in synthetic polymers, as well as continued maceration of a specimen to a degree that the specimen virtually disappears. Confusingly, decay does not always appear equally within a collection of slides mounted at the same time in the same medium. The reasons for the deteriorative processes have been discussed but are controversial especially for gum-chloral media. Comparing data from conservation sciences, chemical handbooks, and documented ingredients, we discuss here how far chemical and physical deterioration probably are inherent to many media and are caused by the chemical and physical properties of their components and by chemicals dragged along from previous preparation steps like fixation, chemical maceration, and physical clearing. Some recipes even contain a macerating agent, which proceeds with its destructive work. We provide permeability data for oxygen and water vapor of several polymers contained in mounting media and coverslip seals. Calculation of the penetration rate of moisture in one example reveals that water molecules reach a specimen within a few days up to about a month; this lays to rest extensive discussions about the permanent protection of a mounted specimen by a mounting medium and a coverslip seal. Based on the ever growing evidence of the unsuitable composition and application of many, and possibly almost all, mounting media, we strongly encourage changing the perspective on microscope slides from immediate usability and convenience of preparation towards durability and reversibility, concepts taken from conservation sciences. Such a change has already been suggested by Upton (1993) more than 20 years ago for gum-chloral media, but these media are still encouraged nowadays by scientists. Without a new perspective, taxonomic biology will certainly lose a large amount of its specimen basis for its research within the next few decades. Modern non-invasive techniques like Raman spectroscopy may help to identify mounting media and coverslip seals on a given slide as well as to understand ageing of the media. An outlook is given on potential future studies. In order to improve the situation of existing collections of microscope slides, we transfer concepts as per the Smithsonian Collections Standards and Profiling System, developed for insect collections more than 25 years ago, to collections of slides. We describe historical and current properties and usage of glass slides, coverslips, labels, and adhesives under conservational aspects. In addition, we summarize and argue from published and our own experimental information about restorative procedures, including re-hydration of dried-up specimens previously mounted in a fluid medium. Alternatives to microscope slides are considered. We also extract practical suggestions from the literature concerning microscope equipment, cleaning of optical surfaces, health risks of immersion oil, and recent improvements of temporary observation media especially in connection with new developments in digital software.

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Section: Fungicontrasting

confidence: 63%

Section: Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Poly(vinyl Alcohol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Poly(vinyl Alcohol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations

Neuhaus

Schmid

Riedel

2017

Zootaxa

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“…A total of 9,420 grass shoots (942 samples) of 73 grass species were examined (Table 1). In the laboratory mites were counted, collected from the plants by direct examination under a stereo-microscope, mounted on slides in a modified Berlese medium or a Heinze medium (Heinze 1952;de Lillo et al 2010), and identified with a phase-contrast microscope. The generic classification followed Amrine et al (2003) and species classification was based on the original descriptions (Keifer 1969;Skoracka 2004;Sukhareva 1977Sukhareva , 1983Sukhareva , 1986 are based on the analysis of 32,139 specimens representing eight Aceria species.…”

Section: Field Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the host specificity of plant-feeding mites based on field data — a case study of the Aceria species

Skoracka

Kuczyński

2012

Biologia

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For the majority of eriophyoid species, host ranges have been established purely on the basis of collection records, usually without quantitative data. The aim of this study was to: (1) quantitatively examine published literature to explore whether relevant analyses of field-collected quantitative data were used to assess host specificity of herbivores; (2) propose a protocol for data analysis that could be applied to plant-feeding mites; (3) analyse host specificity of the grass-feeding Aceria species as a case study. Field data were collected in Central and Northern Europe over a period of 11 years, and included 73 grass species. For the eight Aceria species found, infestation parameters and host specificity indexes were assessed. Accumulation curves were calculated to study how the sampling effort influenced estimates of host specificity indexes. A literature analysis showed that among the studies that declared an aim of estimating the host range only 56% of them applied any quantitative analysis or informed on estimation reliability. The analysis of field-collected data and its interpretation showed the most complete and reliable conclusions about the host specificity of Aceria species when all indices were considered and, if available, other information about the mite's ecology and biology. It was shown that estimates of host specificity could be strongly affected by sampling effort, and that several hundreds of samples should be collected for measuring the host specificity of grass-infesting mites, at least. Recommendations regarding host specificity estimation on the basis of field data are given.

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Beiträge zur Ökologie und Systematik der Collembolen von Salzwiesen, 2. Teil

Palissa¹

2008

Dtsch. Entomol. Z.

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Polyvinylalkohol-Lactophenol-Gemisch als Einbettungsmittel f�r Blattl�use

Cited by 30 publications

References 2 publications

Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations

Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations

Measuring the host specificity of plant-feeding mites based on field data — a case study of the Aceria species

Beiträge zur Ökologie und Systematik der Collembolen von Salzwiesen, 2. Teil

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