Polyvinyl Isobutyll Ethers

Schildknecht, C. E.; Gross, Simone; Davidson, H. R.; Lambert, Jacques; Zoss, A. O.

doi:10.1021/ie50467a021

“…At the same time, reportedly the very first synthetic stereoregular polymer was an isotactic poly(isobutyl vinyl ether) prepared by carbocationic polymerization initiated with BF 3 /O(C 2 H 5 ) 2 at −78 • C (95). Other examples of stereoregular crystalline polymers synthesized by homogeneous and heterogeneous carbocationic polymerization are polymers of vinyl ether derivatives, and 2,5-dimethyl styrene or α-methylstyrene (95)(96)(97)(98)(99)(100). Stereoregular vinyl ether polymers have also been synthesized using Fig.…”

Section: Kinetics and Mechanisms Of Carbocationic Polymerizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbocationic Polymerization

Puskás

¹

,

Kaszás

²

2003

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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This article summarizes fundamental and general aspects of carbocationic polymerizations, with a historical overview and up‐to‐date references. Following general considerations, the basic elements of carbocationic polymerization, such as monomers, initiating systems, solvents, and temperature, are discussed. Special attention is given to carbocation stability and monomer nucleophilicity, and dynamic interactions. The section on the kinetics of carbocationic polymerization presents current understanding of the elementary reactions—initiation, propagation, termination, and transfer reactions, and copolymerization. Controlled (living) carbocationic polymerization is discussed in a separate section. Finally, industrial carbocationic polymerizations are reviewed.

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“…Poly(vinyl ethers) were the first group of compounds in which the phenomenon of stereoregularity was recognized [34], [35]. Depending on the choice of polymerization conditions, either an amorphous or a crystalline polymer, which were later recognized as atactic or isotactic, can be produced from vinyl isobutyl ether [36].…”

Section: Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(Vinyl Ethers)

Schröder¹

2000

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Production 3. Industrial Processes 3.1. Batch Bulk Polymerization of Vinyl Methyl Ether 3.2. Continuous Bulk Polymerization of Vinyl Ethyl Ether 3.3. Continuous Solution Polymerization of Vinyl Isobutyl Ether 3.4. Environmental Protection 4. Properties and Uses 5. Copolymers 6. Toxicology

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“…It must be borne in mind that, even if the most typical highly stereospecific catalysts for the polymerization of a-olefins contain organometallic compounds, some classes of monomers (for example, vinyl ethers) can be polymerized to isotactic polymers in the presence of cationic catalysts without the presence of organometallic compounds (49).…”

Section: Stereospecificities In Polymerization Processes Of Hydrocarbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research work on these monomers has taken two separate but parallel paths; that is, on the one hand it was directed to stereospecific cationic coordinated polymerization and, on the other, to stereospecific anionic polymerization (see Tables 5 and 6 The polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ethers to crystalline polymers had already been carried out by Schildknecht in 1949 (49). As a result of our further research work it was possible to attribute their crystallinity to an isotactic structure (86).…”

Section: Stereospecificity In Polymerization Of Nonhydrocarbon Monomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macromolecular Chemistry

Natta¹

1965

Science

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Macromolecular chemistry is a relatively young science. Though natural and synthetic macromolecular substances had long been known, it was only between 1920 and 1930 that Hermann Staudinger placed our knowledge of the chemical structure of several macromolecular substances on a scientific basis (1).In the wake of Staudinger's discoveries and hypotheses, macromolecular chemistry has made considerable progress.Very many synthetic macromolecular substances were prepared both by-polymerization and by polycondensation; methods were found for the regulation of the value and distribution of molecular weights; attempts were made to clarify the relationships existing among structure, chemical regularity, molecular weight, and physical and technological properties of the macromolecular substances. It was far more difficult to obtain synthetic macromolecules having a regular structure from both the chemical and steric point of view.An early result in this field, which aroused a certain interest in relation to elastomers, was the preparation of a polybutadiene having a very high content of trans-1,4 monomeric units, in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts (2).A wider development of this field was made possible by the recent discovery of stereospecific polymerization. This led to the synthesis of sterically regular polymers as well as to that of new classes of crystalline polymers.Before referring to the stereospecific polymerizations and to their subsequent developments, I wish to make a short report on the particular conditions that enabled my School to achieve rapidly conclusive results on the genesis and structure of new classes of macromolecules. I also wish to describe the main stages of the synthesis and characterization of the first stereoregular polymers of a-olefins.The achievement of these results has also been helped by the research I did in 1924 when I was a trainee student under the guidance of Professor Bruni. At that time I began to apply x-ray study of the structures of crystals to the resolution. of chemical and structural problems (3).At first, investigations were mainly directed to the study of low-molecularweight inorganic substances and of isomorphism phenomena; but, after I had the luck to meet Professor Staudinger in Freiburg in 1932, I was attracted by the study of linear high polymers and tried to determine their lattice structures.To this end I also employed the electron-diffraction methods which I had learned from Dr. Seemann in Freiburg and which appeared particularly suitable for the examination of thinoriented films (4).I applied both x-ray and electrondiffraction methods also to the study of the structure of the heterogeneous catalysts used for certain important organic industrial syntheses, and thus had the possibility of studying in the laboratory the processes for the synthesis of methanol (see 5) and the higher alcohols (see 6), and also of following their industrial development in Italy and abroad.In view of the experience I had acquired in the field of chemical industry, certain Italia...

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Polyvinyl Isobutyll Ethers

Cited by 148 publications

References 7 publications

Carbocationic Polymerization

Carbocationic Polymerization

Poly(Vinyl Ethers)

Macromolecular Chemistry

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