Polyurethane Membranes Used in Integrated Electronic Tongue for the Recognition of Tea and Herbal Products

Abstract

Polyurethane membranes as polymeric materials doped with various electroactive components are applied to the fabrication of miniaturized electrodes on solid-state support. The responses of the prepared integrated sensor array are analyzed with the use of principal components analysis and principal components regression, in order to perform the recognition of various types of beverages (black tea/red tea/green tea/herbals) and the discrimination among various kinds of them (brand of a product).

Electronic Tongues Employing Electrochemical Sensors

“…This technology has been employed as well to prepare a sensor array from different metallic inks screenprinted on a ceramic support, working as electrodes of the first kind [39]. The use of solid state supports to form an array of potentiometric sensors has also been attempted with polyurethane membranes formulated with usual electroactive materials [40]. Another special mention is needed for the use of microfabrication technologies, either to prepare solid-state ISEs or ISFET potentiometric sensors.…”

Review: Highlights in recent applications of electronic tongues in food analysis

“…The research group of Ciosek and co-workers have published several papers dealing with the manufacture of miniaturized etongues that can be used as portable systems for food analysis [70,84,85]. An integrated array of solid-state ion-selective and partially selective microelectrodes based on PVC membranes was successfully applied to the recognition of different brands of orange juice [84].…”

“…An integrated array of solid-state ion-selective and partially selective microelectrodes based on PVC membranes was successfully applied to the recognition of different brands of orange juice [84]. In a further work [85] polyurethane membranes dopped with various chemosensitive materials in a miniaturized e-tongue system was developed and proposed for the classification and recognition of various tea and herbal product types. Polyurethane membranes exhibit better adhesion to the epoxy glass support of the electrode array, which is helpful in obtaining repeatable sensor responses and to improve the long term stability of the device.…”

Application of various types of coatings in food packaging materials: Sensorial assessment and health safety

“…Research on electronic tongues conducted in our group has led so far to the development of many multisensor systems dedicated to quality control in the food industry (Ciosek and Wróblewski, 2011;Kutyla-Olesiuk et al, 2013a), environmental monitoring (Kutyla-Olesiuk et al, 2013b), pharmaceutical analysis (Wesoły et al, 2016;Wesoły et al, 2017), medical diagnostics (Jańczyk et al, 2013) and biotech industry . Various systems adapted to bioanalytical applications, where small volume samples are usually considered, were developed: flow-through potentiometric sensor array , planar integrated sensor array (Ciosek and Kraszewska, 2009), flowthrough microsystem with integrated sensor array (Witkowska Nery et al, 2014). They were used in various modes of measuremetns: batch (Ciosek and Wróblewski, 2011;Wesoły et al, 2017), flow-through (Kutyla-Olesiuk et al, 2013b, Witkowska Nery et al, 2014, flow injection and sequential injection (Wesoły et al, 2016) analysis.…”