Polyurethane‐functionalized starch nanoparticles for the purification of biodiesel

Abstract

Polyurethane-functionalized starch nanoparticles (PUFSNPs) have been synthesized by chemical modification of polyhydroxylated starch nanocrystals (SNC) with aliphatic and aromatic diisocyanates. The covalent attachment of the diisocyanates to the backbone of SNC for the formation of starch-derived nanopolyurethane polymers was unambiguously determined by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. PUFSNPs were entirely obtained from SNC with yields ranging from 41.5 to 86.0 wt % and their size distribution, size, porosity and morphology were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption techniques. The size and surface area of the cyclic aliphatic-based PUFSNP (NPU4) is 27 nm and 52.64 m 2 g 21 , respectively, indicating one of the potential and promising biodegradable materials for the adsorption of acid impurities and contaminants that are found in crude biodiesel. The acid content of the biodiesel is remarkably reduced by 32-39% with PUFSNPs while 7-18% with their corresponding bulk materials.

High antibacterial activity of new eco‐friendly and biocompatible polyurethane nanocomposites based on Fe3O4/Ag and starch moieties

“…[18,64] The aliphatic hydrogen peaks of the BHET compound (4) (H-d, e) are detected at 3.52 and 4.11 ppm that are seen at 3.79, 4.31 ppm in the polymer (6), respectively. The peak found at 4.43 ppm is related to the Hc of the PU structure (6). The peaks at 7.09 (Hb) and 7.33 (Ha) ppm are assigned to aromatic hydrogen of the compound (3) in the structure of PU (6).…”

“…3.1 | Synthesis and characterization of Starch/PU (6) and MNPs@Starch-Ag/PU nanocomposites (8) PU nanocomposites have been used in different products due to their unique physical and chemical features [53,54] and can be synthesized with the aid of starch as part of a diol for the chain expansion. The hydroxyl reactivity of starch has been well documented in the literature.…”

“…[ 1–4 ] As the main application, they are used for the preparation of soft foams or more rigid elastomers. [ 5,6 ] In order to employ PUs in different industries, for example, food packaging, wound dressing, and especially in the medical industry, it is necessary that they be modified by using nontoxic monomers such as natural monomers. [ 7–10 ] Recently, PU preparations, which contain natural polymers particularly polysaccharides, have gained increased attention.…”

Improvement of glycerin removal from crude biodiesel through the application of a sulfonated polymeric adsorbent material

“…The efficiency of cellulose acetate in glycerin removal corroborated previous studies that used natural adsorbents, such as sugarcane bagasse and eucalyptus pulp, for biodiesel treatment. In relation to the application of polymeric materials for biodiesel purification, Desai et al . proposed the application of polyurethane‐functionalized starch nanoparticles for the adsorption of acid impurities and contaminants from crude biodiesel.…”

A role for ultrasound in the fabrication of carbohydrate-supported nanomaterials

“…It was also observed that polyurethane-functionalized starch nanoparticles produced good results in the purification of biodiesel with enhanced adsorption properties [62].…”