Polyurethane-functionalized starch nanocrystals as anti-tuberculosis drug carrier

Abstract

Studies related to loading ability and delivery of clinically used first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATDs) such as isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and streptomycin on the surface of starch-derived bulk and nanopolyurethanes (SBPUs and SNPUs) as drug delivery systems (DDS) have been focused to minimise or remove the drug-associated adverse effects. The efficiencies of nanopolyurethanes obtained from the differently substituted cyclic aliphatic and aromatic isocyanates have been studied for drug loading and release purposes. Different advanced instrumental techniques analysed the structural and morphological properties, thermal stability and crystallinity of the starch nanopolyurethans. Average particle sizes ranging from 27.35–42.38 nm to 126.89–218.60 nm for starch nanopolyurethans, SNPU3i and SNPU4i, respectively, were determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Similarly, the loading efficiency of ATDs to the surfaces of SNPUs and SBPUs was observed in the range of 60–97% while ATDs-loaded SNPUs showed a sustainable release profile for all ATDs except for streptomycin. However, most SBPUs provided burst-release for all the above-mentioned ATDs in pH-dependent studies. The anti-tuberculosis assay against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain revealed that streptomycin-loaded SNPU4i and isoniazid-loaded SNPU7i are approximately 42 and 7 times more active than the native streptomycin and isoniazid, respectively.

Progress in Treatment and Diagnostics of Infectious Disease with Polymers

“…Commercially available drugs are pyrazinamide (PZA), isoniazid (INH), streptomycin (SM) and rifampicin (RIF). However, due to genetical, molecular and structural changes, these drugs cause either increased relapse of TB with noncompliance or severe multi/extreme drug-resistant (MDR/XDR) tuberculosis. ,, …”

“…Rather than developing new drugs or including new drug carriers, efforts focus on enhancing bioavailability, distribution, metabolism, and stability, therapy shortening, target modification, improving drug availability, and reduction of resistance to existing drugs. To meet the challenges a number of polymer therapeutics were developed including chitosan, polylactic- co -glycolic acid (PLGA), polyurethane (PU), − metal (gold) nanoparticles (NPs), super paramagnetic iron oxide NPs, , inorganic molecules (silica (SiO 2 ), and CdS and carbon quantum dots (CQDs)) which are used as drug/vaccine carriers. Recent approaches for the same using polymers are discussed in the following section.…”

“…Some compositions showed increased activity compared to nai ̈ve antituberculosis drugs. 25 To check the interaction between the cationic polymer and M.tb cell membrane, secondary poly(diallylammonium trifluoroacetate) and phenolic glycolipids (similar to the outer membranes of M.tb and Msm) were considered. Noncovalent hydrogen bonding between the polymer and membrane leads to destruction of the organism.…”

“…These nanocrystals were encapsulated with INH and streptomycin and tested against the H37rv strain of M.tb . Some compositions showed increased activity compared to naïve antituberculosis drugs . To check the interaction between the cationic polymer and M.tb cell membrane, secondary poly­(diallylammonium trifluoroacetate) and phenolic glycolipids (similar to the outer membranes of M.tb and Msm) were considered.…”

Research progress of natural silk fibroin and the application for drug delivery in chemotherapies

“…Nanotechnology can be applied to the delivery of drugs, providing a new way of cancer treatment. In the past decade, it has been found that materials that can be used as drug carriers include polyurethane functionalized starch ( Desai et al, 2021 ), ferritin( He et al, 2019 ), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) ( Li et al, 2019 ), cyclodextrin ( Kang et al, 2019 ), and silk fibroin ( Kapoor and Kundu, 2016 ; Melke et al, 2016 ). Among them, silk fibroin, a typical natural biomaterial, exhibits versatile properties through tuning the secondary conformations and hierarchical microstructures ( Ma et al, 2020 ).…”