Polyurethane acrylate/multiwall carbon nanotube composites as temperature and gas sensors: Fabrication, characterization, and simulation

Hasanzadeh, Iraj; Eskandari, Mohammad Jafari; Daneshmand, Hamid

doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2022.109484

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Moreover, the recovery of the conductive network after stretching heavily relies on the elastic force provided by the elastic material. Conductive networks with microcrack structures on the surface face the risk of incomplete resistance recovery [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Layer Polyurethane-Fiber-Prepared Entangled Strain Sensor with Tunable Sensitivity and Working Range for Human Motion Detection

Zhong,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Polymers

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The entanglement of fibers can form physical and topological structures, with the resulting bending and stretching strains causing localized changes in pressure. In this study, a multi-layer polyurethane-fiber-prepared (MPF) sensor was developed by coating the CNT/PU sensing layer on the outside of an elastic electrode through a wet-film method. The entangled topology of two MPFs was utilized to convert the stretching strain into localized pressure at the contact area, enabling the perception of stretching strain. The influence of coating mechanical properties and surface structure on strain sensing performance was investigated. A force regulator was introduced to regulate the mechanical properties of the entangled topology of MPF. By modifying the thickness and length proportion of the force regulator, the sensitivity factor and sensitivity range of the sensor could be controlled, achieving a high sensitivity factor of up to 127.74 and a sensitivity range of up to 58%. Eight sensors were integrated into a sensor array and integrated into a dance costume, successfully monitoring the multi-axis motion of the dancer’s lumbar spine. This provides a new approach for wearable biomechanical sensors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Layer Polyurethane-Fiber-Prepared Entangled Strain Sensor with Tunable Sensitivity and Working Range for Human Motion Detection

Zhong,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…The organic polymer present in the composites does not act as the chemical transducer itself but provides different support functions to the sensing process. Among the polymers that have a support function in chemical sensor technologies, polyurethanes play a coadjutant role in the transduction of many types of sensors, enhancing sensing properties of the methods, ranging from chemiresistive, colorimetric, pressure, and temperature to conductimetric and humidity sensors [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Polyurethane Composites with Sensing Polymers as New Coating Materials for Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Chemical Sensors—Part II: Polyurethane Composites with Polylaurylmetacrylate, Polyisobutene, and Poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene-co-vinylidene Fluoride): Coating Results, Relative Sensor Responses and Adhesion Analysis

Carvalho,

Rapp,

Voigt

et al. 2024

Coatings

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This work presents the application of the methodology for the sensitization of surface acoustic wave-based sensors (SAW), developed in the first part of this work. The strategy of the method is the obtention of sensing layers with tailored chemical environments by taking advantage of the wide variety of chemical composition of the organic polymers, which have been used as sensing polymers, and combining them with polyurethane (PU) to form polymeric composites that show enhanced properties as sensing materials for the SAW sensor technology. In the first part of this work, the ultrasonic and adhesion characterization was correlated to the sensor responses of PU-polybutylmethacrylate (PBMA) composites of different relative concentrations of the sensing polymer (PBMA) and PU. The resulting coating layers obtained with the PU polymer composites improved the chemical and mechanical properties of the sensing layer without interfering with the quality of their sensor responses in comparison to those with the pristine polymer as the sensing material. In this second part of this work, three new polyurethane polymeric composites were analyzed. The new sensing materials were produced using polylaurylmetacrylate (PLMA), polyisobutene (PIB), and poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene-co-vinylidene fluoride) (PCTFE) as the sensing polymers combined with PU. The results of the new PU polymer composites showed consequently different properties depending on the type of sensing polymer used, reproducing, however, the previous features achieved with PU and polybutylmetacrylate (PBMA) composites, like the improvements in the adhesion and the resistance against an organic solvent and preserving, in each case, the sensor response characteristic of each sensing polymer used, as was also observed for the PU-PBMA polymeric composites. The results obtained with the new sensing materials validated the strategy and confirmed its generalization as a very suitable methodology for the sensitization of SAW sensors, strongly indicating the applicability and reliability of the method, which makes possible the choice of virtually any chemical environments for the sensitization of SAW sensor systems.

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“…Specifically in the field of sensors, polyurethanes find a large and diverse range of applications, mostly combined with other materials. Examples of application of polyurethanes are found as chemiresistive sensors [14], piezoresistive sensors [15], membrane-based sensors [16], pressure sensors [17], temperature sensors [18], strain sensors [19], colorimetric sensors [20], electroanalytical sensors [21], conductometric sensors [22] and humidity sensors [23], among others. For gas sensing, polyurethane is found in chemiresistive sensors [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Polyurethane Composites with Sensing Polymers as New Coating Materials for Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Chemical Sensors—Part I: Analysis of the Coating Results, Sensing Responses and Adhesion of the Coating Layers of Polyurethane–Polybutylmethacrylate Composites

Rapp,

Voigt,

Dirschka

et al. 2023

Coatings

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The sensing layers for surface acoustic wave-based (SAW) sensors are the main factor in defining the selectivity and reproducibility of the responses of the sensor systems. Among the materials used as sensing layers for SAW sensors, polymers present a wide range of advantages, from availability to a large choice of chemical-sensing environments. However, depending on the physical–chemical properties of the polymer, issues about the chemical and mechanical stability of the sensing layer have been reported that can compromise the application of sensor systems in the long-term. The sensor properties are defined basically by the properties of the coating material and the quality of the coating process. The strategy used to improve the properties of polymeric coating layers for SAW technology involved the use of polyurethane (PU) in combination with a second polymer that is responsible for the sensing properties of the resulting layer; this is obtained by a reproducible and robust coating procedure. In this first part of our research, we used polymer composites of different compositions of polybutylmetacrylate (PBMA) as the sensing polymer with polyurethane. The analysis of the coating (ultrasonic parameters), the relative sensor responses and the adhesion results for the PU–PBMA composites were determined. The ultrasonic analysis and the relative sensor responses showed very reproducible and precise results, indicating the reproducibility and robustness of the coating process. Accurate correlations between the results of the ultrasonic parameters due to the coating and the relative sensor responses for the organic analytes analyzed were obtained, showing a precise quantitative relationship between the results and the constitution of the composite coating materials. The composites show practically no significant sensor responses to water. The PU–PBMA composites substantially enhanced adhesion to the surface of the piezoelectric sensor element in comparison to the coating with pure PBMA, without loss of its sensing properties. Other PU–polymer composites will be presented in the future, as well as an analysis of the selectivity for the organic analytes for these types of coating materials.

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Polyurethane acrylate/multiwall carbon nanotube composites as temperature and gas sensors: Fabrication, characterization, and simulation

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

Multi-Layer Polyurethane-Fiber-Prepared Entangled Strain Sensor with Tunable Sensitivity and Working Range for Human Motion Detection

Multi-Layer Polyurethane-Fiber-Prepared Entangled Strain Sensor with Tunable Sensitivity and Working Range for Human Motion Detection

The Use of Polyurethane Composites with Sensing Polymers as New Coating Materials for Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Chemical Sensors—Part I: Analysis of the Coating Results, Sensing Responses and Adhesion of the Coating Layers of Polyurethane–Polybutylmethacrylate Composites

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