Polyurea for Blast and Impact Protection: A Review

Zhang, Rui; Huang, Weibo; Lyu, Peng; Yan, Shuai; Wang, Xu; Ju, Jiahui

doi:10.3390/polym14132670

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 129 publications

(295 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Polyurea has attracted considerable attention in the fields of protection, ballistic proof, and blast , owing to its high strength, high toughness, and strain-rate-dependent behavior properties, − which are profoundly affected by their structures . Designing supramolecular polymer networks is an approach to fabricating a protective polyurea material with excellent mechanical properties and various functions, − such as self-healing − and shape memorability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room-Temperature Self-Healing Polyurea with High Puncture and Impact Resistances

Zhang

Cheng

et al. 2023

Chem. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyureas are widely used as protective materials because they have good mechanical strength, toughness, and strainrate-dependent behavior. However, the fast reaction between −NCO and the −NH 2 component results in gelation in seconds, limiting their performance regulation and applications. In this study, we report a novel strategy to fabricate one-component polyurea with room-temperature self-healing, puncture resistance, and impact resistance. First, a latent curing agent was synthesized via the Schiff base reaction of an aliphatic diamine with isobutyraldehyde. Then, they were mixed directly with isocyanate. Such a mixture was uncured in storage without moisture, but it was cured once in contact with moisture in the application. So, it was called one-component polyurea. The polyurea exhibits roomtemperature self-healing properties with a healing efficiency of up to 98%. It has puncture displacement as high as 15.1 cm by sharp objects. The polyurea also exhibits excellent impact resistance and dissipative energy capacity because it possesses strain-ratedependent behavior. The polyurea can be integrated into Kevlar fabrics to form a flexible puncture-resistant composite and combined with carbon nanotubes to form flexible and wearable strain sensors. It is expected to find applications in intelligent soft materials, soft body armor, wearable flexible sensors, and other fields.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room-Temperature Self-Healing Polyurea with High Puncture and Impact Resistances

Zhang

Cheng

et al. 2023

Chem. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some of the most widely used elastomers are PU, PUR, and emerging PU–PUR materials [ 1 , 2 ]. PU and PUR are mainly used in defense and security applications as coatings for ballistic protection [ 3 , 4 ], protective garments for CBRN protection [ 5 ], or binders for energetic formulations [ 6 ]. Other uses for PU or PUR include adhesives, foams, construction materials, coatings, textiles, medical equipment, automobiles, and electronics [ 1 , 2 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the appropriate choice of constituents and ratios between the reactants is crucial to the control of the macromolecular architecture and the desired properties for an application. PUs are elastomeric polymers with excellent performance due to their unique dual microphase structure (nanosegregated hard domains connected via flexible chains) and physical crosslinks [ 3 , 14 ]. PUR structures also comprise soft segments (SS) and hard segments (HS) [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Aromatic Chain Extenders on Polyurea and Polyurethane Coatings Designed for Defense Applications

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present work describes the synthesis of new versatile polyurea (PU) and polyurethane (PUR) matrices, including different chain extenders, which facilitate the design of distinct, tunable properties, and high-performance derivatives. These polymers can be used for various defense and security applications, such as coatings for ballistic protection, CBRN protection, binders for energetic formulations, etc. Combining aliphatic and aromatic molecules in PU or PUR structures enables the synthesis of polymers with improved and controllable thermo-mechanical properties. Thus, for polyurea synthesis, we utilized two types of polymeric aliphatic diamines and three types of aromatic chain extenders (1,1’-biphenyl-4,4’-diamine, benzene-1,2-diamine, and 1,2-diphenylhydrazine). An analogous method was used to synthesize polyurethane films by employing one polymeric aliphatic polyol and three types of aromatic chain extenders (benzene-1,3-diol, benzene-1,4-diol, and benzene-1,2,3-triol). Subsequently, various analytic techniques (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), single cantilever dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), frequency-dependent shear modulus survey, tensile tests, water contact angle measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX)) have been utilized to characterize the synthesized materials and to evaluate the influence of each chain extender on their final properties.

show abstract

“…Polyurea elastomer is a promising protective coating against the mitigation of blast and ballistic impact [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], owing to its light weight, high elongation and strength, excellent viscoelasticity and impact resistance. Moreover, it exhibits very good adhesion and can be employed to improve the dynamic performance of a variety of substrates—metallic plates [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], concrete [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ] and other composite structures [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fiber Volume Fraction and Length on the Mechanical Properties of Milled Glass Fiber/Polyurea Composites

Qiao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Composites of polyurea (PU) reinforced with milled glass fiber (MGf) were fabricated. The volume fraction and length of the milled glass fiber were varied to study their effects on the morphological and mechanical properties of the MGf/PU composites. The morphological attributes were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The SEM investigations revealed a uniform distribution and arbitrary orientation of milled glass fiber in the polyurea matrix. Moreover, it seems that the composites with longer fiber exhibit better interfacial bonding. It was found from the FTIR studies that the incorporation of milled glass fiber into polyurea leads to more phase mixing and decreases the hydrogen bonding of the polyurea matrix, while having a negligible effect on the H-bond strength. The compression tests at different strain rates (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 2000 and 3000 s−1) and dynamic mechanical properties over the temperature range from −30 to 100 °C at 1 Hz were performed. Experimental results show that the compressive behavior of MGf/PU composites is nonlinear and strain-rate-dependent. Both elastic modulus and flow stress at any given strain increased with strain rate. The composites with higher fiber volume fraction and longer fiber length are more sensitive to strain rate. Furthermore, the elastic modulus, stress at 65% strain and energy absorption capability were studied, taking into account both the effect of fiber volume fraction and mean fiber length. It is noted that an increase in fiber volume fraction and fiber length leads to an increase in elastic modulus, stress at 65% strain and absorbed energy up to ~103%, 83.0% and 137.5%, respectively. The storage and loss moduli of the composites also increase with fiber volume fraction and fiber length. It can be concluded that the addition of milled glass fiber into polyurea not only improves the stiffness of the composites but also increases their energy dissipative capability.

show abstract

Polyurea for Blast and Impact Protection: A Review

Cited by 47 publications

References 129 publications

Room-Temperature Self-Healing Polyurea with High Puncture and Impact Resistances

Room-Temperature Self-Healing Polyurea with High Puncture and Impact Resistances

Effect of Aromatic Chain Extenders on Polyurea and Polyurethane Coatings Designed for Defense Applications

Effects of Fiber Volume Fraction and Length on the Mechanical Properties of Milled Glass Fiber/Polyurea Composites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About