Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Abdelhamid, Asmaa; Martin, Nicole; Bridges, Charlene; Brainard, Julii; Wang, X.; Brown, Tracey; Hanson, Sarah; Jimoh, Oluseyi F; Ajabnoor, Sarah M.; Deane, Katherine; Song, Fujian; Hooper, Lee

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012345.pub2

Cited by 102 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 437 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…1 Nevertheless, due to the small number of prospective trials, there is an ongoing debate over the practical utility of such dietary regimen in patients with CVD. [6][7][8][9] Fiber has long been recommended for the management of various gastrointestinal (GI) ailments, such as constipation or diarrhea;…”

Section: As Suggested An Adequate Supply Of Long-chain Fas (Lcfas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the diet composition of fatty acids and fiber affect the lower gastrointestinal motility but have no impact on cardiovascular parameters: In vivo and in vitro studies

Mosińska

Martín‐Ruíz

González

et al. 2019

Neurogastroenterology Motil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Food and diet are central issues for proper functioning of the cardiovascular (CV) system and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We hypothesize that different types of dietary FAs affect CV parameters as well as GI motor function and visceral sensitivity. Methods Male Wistar rats were fed with control diet (CTRL), diet supplemented with 7% soybean oil (SOY), SOY + 3.5% virgin coconut oil (COCO), and SOY + 3.5% evening primrose oil (EP) for 4 weeks. The content of insoluble fiber in CTRL was higher than in SOY, COCO, or EP. Body weight gain and food/water intake were measured. At day 28, biometric, biochemical, CV parameters, GI motor function (X‐ray and colon bead expulsion test), and visceral sensitivity were evaluated. Changes in propulsive colonic activity were determined in vitro. The colon and adipose tissue were histologically studied; the number of mast cells (MCs) in the colon was calculated. Results SOY, COCO, and EP had increased body weight gain but decreased food intake vs CTRL. Water consumption, biometric, biochemical, and CV parameters were comparable between groups. SOY increased the sensitivity to colonic distention. All groups maintained regular propulsive neurogenic contractions; EP delayed colonic motility (P < 0.01). SOY, COCO, and EP displayed decreased size of the cecum, lower number and size of fecal pellets, and higher infiltration of MCs to the colon (P < 0.001). Conclusions and Inferences Dietary FAs supplementation and lower intake of insoluble fiber can induce changes in the motility of the lower GI tract, in vivo and in vitro, but CV function and visceral sensitivity are not generally affected.

show abstract

Section: As Suggested An Adequate Supply Of Long-chain Fas (Lcfas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the diet composition of fatty acids and fiber affect the lower gastrointestinal motility but have no impact on cardiovascular parameters: In vivo and in vitro studies

Mosińska

Martín‐Ruíz

González

et al. 2019

Neurogastroenterology Motil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are many excellent reviews that cover these results [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. However, the association between PUFA and cardiovascular risk factors and diseases has been surrounded by controversy [30][31][32][33][34][35] and the results of recent meta-analyses have been inconsistent [36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abdelhamid et al [36] meta-analyzed 49 randomized, controlled trials (RCTs), examining the effects of total PUFA intake (including both diet or supplements) on lipids, adiposity, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. These authors concluded that increasing total PUFA intake probably reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease events slightly, but has little or no effect on all-cause or cardiovascular disease mortality [36]. Nevertheless, it is known that PUFA are a mix of different fatty acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Study for Serum Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Exploratory Analysis of the Sex-Specific Effects and Dietary Modulation in Mediterranean Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many early studies presented beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on cardiovascular risk factors and disease. However, results from recent meta-analyses indicate that this effect would be very low or nil. One of the factors that may contribute to the inconsistency of the results is that, in most studies, genetic factors have not been taken into consideration. It is known that fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster in chromosome 11 is a very important determinant of plasma PUFA, and that the prevalence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) varies greatly between populations and may constitute a bias in meta-analyses. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been carried out in other populations and none of them have investigated sex and Mediterranean dietary pattern interactions at the genome-wide level. Our aims were to undertake a GWAS to discover the genes most associated with serum PUFA concentrations (omega-3, omega-6, and some fatty acids) in a scarcely studied Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome, and to explore sex and adherence to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) interactions at the genome-wide level. Serum PUFA were determined by NMR spectroscopy. We found strong robust associations between various SNPs in the FADS cluster and omega-3 concentrations (top-ranked in the adjusted model: FADS1-rs174547, p = 3.34 × 10−14; FADS1-rs174550, p = 5.35 × 10−14; FADS2-rs1535, p = 5.85 × 10−14; FADS1-rs174546, p = 6.72 × 10−14; FADS2-rs174546, p = 9.75 × 10−14; FADS2-rs174576, p = 1.17 × 10−13; FADS2-rs174577, p = 1.12 × 10−12, among others). We also detected a genome-wide significant association with other genes in chromosome 11: MYRF (myelin regulatory factor)-rs174535, p = 1.49 × 10−12; TMEM258 (transmembrane protein 258)-rs102275, p = 2.43 × 10−12; FEN1 (flap structure-specific endonuclease 1)-rs174538, p = 1.96 × 10−11). Similar genome-wide statistically significant results were found for docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA). However, no such associations were detected for omega-6 PUFAs or linoleic acid (LA). For total PUFA, we observed a consistent gene*sex interaction with the DNTTIP2 (deoxynucleotidyl transferase terminal interacting protein 2)-rs3747965 p = 1.36 × 10−8. For adherence to MedDiet, we obtained a relevant interaction with the ME1 (malic enzyme 1) gene (a gene strongly regulated by fat) in determining serum omega-3. The top-ranked SNP for this interaction was ME1-rs3798890 (p = 2.15 × 10−7). In the regional-wide association study, specifically focused on the FADS1/FASD2/FADS3 and ELOVL (fatty acid elongase) 2/ELOVL 5 regions, we detected several statistically significant associations at p < 0.05. In conclusion, our results confirm a robust role of the FADS cluster on serum PUFA in this population, but the associations vary depending on the PUFA. Moreover, the detection of some sex and diet interactions underlines the need for these associations/interactions to be studied in all specific populations so as to better understand the complex metabolism of PUFA.

show abstract

“…Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are fatty acids containing at least two carbon-carbon double bonds in their carboxylic chain, and classified into omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 [15]. Their role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases has been widely studied [15], while the interest for the use of PUFAs, especially considering eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two omega-3 fatty acids, in the treatment of psychiatric diseases has been rising in recent years [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equity, acceptability and feasibility of using polyunsaturated fatty acids in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a rapid systematic review

D’Alò

Crescenzo

Morgano

et al. 2020

Health Qual Life Outcomes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Some recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessed the efficacy and safety of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To optimally inform the Italian guideline for the management of ASD in children and adolescents, we reviewed the impact on equity, acceptability and feasibility for developing a pilot recommendation for PUFAs. Methods: We performed a rapid systematic review of observational and experimental studies on PUFAs for children and adolescents with ASD, extracting data on resources required, equity, acceptability, and feasibility of PUFAs. We followed the framework provided by the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) methodology, and we assessed risk of bias and methodological quality of included studies. Results were synthesized both narratively and quantitatively to address clinically relevant questions on equity, acceptability, and feasibility. Results: We found 14 papers related to equity. PUFAs did not seem to impact equity importantly. We did not find variation in effectiveness across subgroups and in a base case scenario, the cost of a 12 weeks cycle of therapy with 1.155 g/day of PUFAs was €65.51 euro. The acceptability of PUFAs was evaluated in 17 studies, 9 of which were RCTs. PUFAs were widely used among children and adolescents with ASD (18 to 51%), and 50% of parents considered nutritional supplementation as useful. Difficulty in swallowing capsules and bad taste were identified as possible causes of poor compliance, but treatment adherence, when measured in included RCTs, was judged to be good to excellent. Discontinuation due to any cause for PUFAs could not differ from placebo (low certainty of evidence). The feasibility of using PUFAs was assessed in 12 studies. PUFAs were probably sustainable, and no particular critical issue emerged from the feasibility assessment. However, the evidence appeared scarce and indirect.

show abstract

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Cited by 102 publications

References 437 publications

Changes in the diet composition of fatty acids and fiber affect the lower gastrointestinal motility but have no impact on cardiovascular parameters: In vivo and in vitro studies

Changes in the diet composition of fatty acids and fiber affect the lower gastrointestinal motility but have no impact on cardiovascular parameters: In vivo and in vitro studies

Genome-Wide Association Study for Serum Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Exploratory Analysis of the Sex-Specific Effects and Dietary Modulation in Mediterranean Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

Equity, acceptability and feasibility of using polyunsaturated fatty acids in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a rapid systematic review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About