Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites in brain function and disease

Bazinet, Richard P.; Layé, Sophie

doi:10.1038/nrn3820

Cited by 1,080 publications

(918 citation statements)

References 196 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

892

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, while DHA is the most abundant fatty acid in the brain, EPA only represents ≤1% of total brain fatty acids (Bos et al 2016). In addition, although EPA can be transformed into DHA, evidence suggests EPA is rapidly and extensively ß-oxidized (generating acetyl-CoA) upon entry into the brain (Bazinet and Laye 2014;Chen and Bazinet 2015). Because this process results in little to no extra EPA available in the brain, and the ß-oxidized products are not specific for EPA, this suggests that EPA's efficacy cannot be explained by an effect in the brain, and that EPA is not only a precursor of DHA but that DHA and EPA have distinct roles.…”

Section: Weighing the Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Focus on fatty acids in the neurometabolic pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders

Mocking

Assies

Ruhé

et al. 2018

J of Inher Metab Disea

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Continuous research into the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizophrenia, suggests an important role for metabolism. This narrative review will provide an upto-date summary of how metabolism is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of these psychiatric disorders. We will focus on (I) the important role of fatty acids in these metabolic alterations, (II) whether fatty acid alterations represent epiphenomena or risk factors, and (III) similarities and dissociations in fatty acid alterations between different psychiatric disorders. (Historical) epidemiological evidence links fatty acid intake to psychiatric disorder prevalence, corroborated by altered fatty acid concentrations measured in psychiatric patients. These fatty acid alterations are connected with other concomitant pathophysiological mechanisms, including biological stress (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and oxidative stress), inflammation, and brain network structure and function. Metabolomics and lipidomics studies are underway to more deeply investigate this complex network of associated neurometabolic alterations. Supplementation of fatty acids as disease-modifying nutraceuticals has clinical potential, particularly add-on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in depressed patients with markers of increased inflammation. However, by interpreting the observed fatty acid alterations as partly (mal)adaptive phenomena, we attempt to nuance translational expectations and provide new clinical applications for these novel neurometabolic insights, e.g., to predict treatment response or depression recurrence. In conclusion, placing fatty acids in context can contribute to further understanding and optimized treatment of psychiatric disorders, in order to diminish their overwhelming burden of disease.

show abstract

Section: Weighing the Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Focus on fatty acids in the neurometabolic pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders

Mocking

Assies

Ruhé

et al. 2018

J of Inher Metab Disea

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, the cellular concentrations of LC n-3 and n-6 PUFA, and their relative derived bioactive products are determined by their relative dietary intake. Increased dietary intake of LC n-3 PUFA has been shown to significantly alter DHA levels in the brain (Freund Levi et al, 2014) suggesting that DHA and EPA dietary supplementation could be used to directly influence neuroinflammatory pathways (Bazinet and Laye, 2014). DHA entry in the brain is still a matter of debate.…”

Section: N-pufas Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular EPA, DHA and their bioactive mediators have potent antiinflammatory and pro-resolving properties in the periphery D103, page 3 of 10 Dossier Q. Leyrolle et al: OCL 2016, 23(1) D103 (Serhan and Chiang, 2013) and in the brain (Bazinet and Laye, 2014;Laye, 2010;Orr and Bazinet, 2008;Rapoport, 2008). Loss of these regulatory processes can result in excessive, inappropriate or on-going inflammation that can cause irreparable damage to host tissues, including the brain.…”

Section: N-pufas Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DHA entry in the brain is still a matter of debate. Non esterified DHA freely enters the brain (Bazinet and Laye, 2014;Song et al, 2010) and recently, an orphan receptor, the major facilitator superfamily domaincontaining protein 2a (Mfsd2a) has been described as important to transport DHA through the BBB (Nguyen et al, 2014). In retinal cells, adiponectin receptor 1 is key for DHA uptake and retention (Rice et al, 2015).…”

Section: N-pufas Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Loss of these regulatory processes can result in excessive, inappropriate or on-going inflammation that can cause irreparable damage to host tissues, including the brain. Several reports in humans highlight that higher dietary intake or blood/brain level of EPA and/or DHA are correlated with lower risk of developing brain diseases with an inflammatory component including AD and PD recently reviewed in (Bazinet and Laye, 2014).…”

Section: N-pufas Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

N-3 PUFAs and neuroinflammatory processes in cognitive disorders

Leyrolle

Layé

Nadjar

2016

OCL

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-With the ageing population and increased cases of neurodegenerative diseases, there is a crucial need for the development of new nutritional approaches to prevent and delay the onset of cognitive decline. Neuroinflammatory processes contribute to neuronal damage that underpins neurodegenerative disorders. Growing evidence sheds light on the use of dietary n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to improve cognitive performances and reduce the neuroinflammatory responses occurring with age and neurodegenerative pathologies. This review will summarise the most recent information related to the impact and mechanisms underlying the neuroinflammatory processes in cognitive disorders. We will also discuss the mechanisms underlying n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids effect on neuroinflammation and memory decline.Keywords: Neuroinflammation / microglia / n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids / cognitive disorders / Alzheimer disease Résumé -Acides gras polyinsaturés de la famille des oméga 3, processus neuroinflammatoires et troubles cognitifs. Le développement d'approches nutritionnelles pertinentes pour prévenir et retarder l'apparition du déclin cognitif est un enjeu important, compte tenu du vieillissement de la population et de l'augmentation de l'incidence des maladies neurodégénératives. Les processus neuro-inflammatoires contribuent aux mécanismes neuropathologiques impliqués dans les troubles neurodégénératifs et de la cognition. Des données récentes indiquent l'importance des acides gras polyinsaturés n-3 alimentaires dans le maintien des performances mnésiques et la régulation de la neuroinflammation liée à l'âge ou à la maladie d'Alzheimer. Dans cette revue, seront présentées des données récentes sur les liens existants entre le statut nutritionnel en acides gras polyinsaturés n-3, les processus neuro-inflammatoires et les troubles cognitifs associés, ainsi que les mécanismes qui pourraient être impliqués dans les effets protecteurs de ces acides gras.

show abstract

Lipids, Brain, and Mental Health

Hussain

Rasul

Anwar

et al. 2020

Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lipids in nervous system are of particular interest because of the high concentration of lipids in brain, second only to adipose tissue, of which a major part is found in myelin. These lipids are involved in the structure of cell membranes in the brain and display a variety of biological functions to maintain vital cellular processes at various levels: work as energy source, serve as signaling molecules, and withstand structural integrity of cellular compartment and membranes. Lipids in the form of fatty acids participate actively in the development of the nervous system at embryonic and early postnatal stage and are crucial for its maintenance throughout adulthood. The involvement of deregulated metabolism of lipids in many nervous system disorders, pathological conditions and injuries underscores the importance of lipids in maintaining normal cell signaling and tissue physiology. The correction of altered lipid levels by exogenous supply is considered as a most promising therapeutic approach. It is believed that they contribute in their own right by as yet incompletely understood mechanisms to those pathological processes. This article attempts to provide an overview of the lipid imbalances associated with CNS injury (traumatic brain injury, stroke, and spinal cord injury), neurological disorders (schizophrenia, anxiety, and depressive illnesses), and neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis). Fatty acids as biomarkers of diseases are briefly discussed as well as their therapeutic potential which will provide new insights to exploit these lipids to open new avenues for improving brain health, prevention, and treatment of nervous system disorders.

show abstract

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites in brain function and disease

Cited by 1,080 publications

References 196 publications

Focus on fatty acids in the neurometabolic pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders

Focus on fatty acids in the neurometabolic pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders

N-3 PUFAs and neuroinflammatory processes in cognitive disorders

Lipids, Brain, and Mental Health

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About