Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes

Telle-Hansen, Vibeke H.; Gaundal, Line; Myhrstad, Mari

doi:10.3390/nu11051067

Cited by 61 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Even if it was proposed that PUFAs affects glucose regulation in obese individuals, probably enhancing hepatic gluconeogenesis, mediating hepatic fatty acid oxidation [118], an increase in fasting glucose and HbA1c after intake of fish or fish oil, was observed in a few study [119].…”

Section: Adverse Effects Of Pufas In Cardiovascular Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of n-3 PUFAs: Their Role in Cardiovascular Protection

et al. 2020

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with 18, 20 or 22 carbon atoms, which have been found able to counteract cardiovascular diseases. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in particular, have been found to produce both vaso- and cardio-protective response via modulation of membrane phospholipids thereby improving cardiac mitochondrial functions and energy production. However, antioxidant properties of n-3 PUFAs, along with their anti-inflammatory effect in both blood vessels and cardiac cells, seem to exert beneficial effects in cardiovascular impairment. In fact, dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs has been demonstrated to reduce oxidative stress-related mitochondrial dysfunction and endothelial cell apoptosis, an effect occurring via an increased activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, n-3 PUFAs have been shown to counteract the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both vascular tissues and in the myocardium, thereby restoring vascular reactivity and myocardial performance. Here we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of n-3 PUFAs in vascular and cardiac tissues and their implication in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Adverse Effects Of Pufas In Cardiovascular Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of n-3 PUFAs: Their Role in Cardiovascular Protection

et al. 2020

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“…A comparison of 6, 12, and 24% of SFA in the diet of mice without changing the total dietary fat contribution had a profound effect on macrophage function and insulin resistance, with 12% SFA as the greatest contributor to inflammation and insulin resistance ( 147 ). Human data is however thus far inconclusive about the beneficial effects of PUFA-rich and SFA-poor diets on glycemic control of T2D patients ( 148 ). Therefore, studies in humans and mice with a focus on the composition in dietary fat and profiling of DCs in metabolic tissues may tell us whether DCs contribute to PUFA-mediated protection against diabetes and/or SFA-mediated development of diabetes, potentially via a PA-induced Th17 response.…”

Section: Effects Of the Metabolic Environment On Dcs In Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping of Dendritic Cell Function by the Metabolic Micro-Environment

Brombacher

Everts

2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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Nutrients are required for growth and survival of all cells, but are also crucially involved in cell fate determination of many cell types, including immune cells. There is a growing appreciation that the metabolic micro-environment also plays a major role in shaping the functional properties of dendritic cells (DCs). Under pathological conditions nutrient availability can range from a very restricted supply, such as seen in a tumor micro-environment, to an overabundance of nutrients found in for example obese adipose tissue. In this review we will discuss what is currently known about the metabolic requirements for DC differentiation and immunogenicity and compare that to how function and fate of DCs under pathological conditions can be affected by alterations in environmental levels of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids as well as by other metabolic cues, including availability of oxygen, redox homeostasis and lactate levels. Many of these insights have been generated using in vitro model systems, which have revealed highly diverse effects of different metabolic cues on DC function. However, they also stress the importance of shifting toward more physiologically relevant experimental settings to be able to fully delineate the role of the metabolic surroundings in its full complexity in shaping the functional properties of DCs in health and disease.

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“…However, other studies have failed to show any effects (15,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) . The evidence of fat quality on risk factors of T2D therefore remains limited and elusive, and more studies are needed (24) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effect on serum cholesterol levels, but not glycaemic regulation, after replacing SFA with PUFA for 3 d: a randomised crossover trial

et al. 2020

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Replacing intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduces serum cholesterol levels and cardiovascular disease risk. The effect on glycaemic regulation is however, less clear. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the short-term effect of replacing dietary SFA with PUFA on glycaemic regulation. Seventeen healthy, normal-weight participants completed a 25-day double blind, randomised, and controlled, two-period crossover study. Participants were allocated to either interventions with PUFA products or SFA products (control) in a random order for three consecutive days, separated by a 1.5-week washout period between the intervention periods. Glucose, insulin and triglycerides were measured before and after an oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, fasting total cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids and plasma total fatty acid profile were measured before and after the three-day interventions. Fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels and fasting levels of non-esterified fatty acids and plasma fatty acids profile did not differ between the groups. However, replacing dietary SFA with PUFA significantly reduced total cholesterol levels with 8 % after three days (P = 0.002). Replacing dietary SFA with PUFA for only three days have beneficial cardio-metabolic effects by reducing cholesterol levels in healthy individuals.

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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 61 publications

References 72 publications

The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of n-3 PUFAs: Their Role in Cardiovascular Protection

The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of n-3 PUFAs: Their Role in Cardiovascular Protection

Shaping of Dendritic Cell Function by the Metabolic Micro-Environment

Beneficial effect on serum cholesterol levels, but not glycaemic regulation, after replacing SFA with PUFA for 3 d: a randomised crossover trial

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