Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health

Kris‐Etherton, Penny M.; Hecker, Kari D; Binkoski, Amy E.

doi:10.1301/nr.2004.nov.414426

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…In recent years, the therapeutic significance of n-3 PUFAs has been clearly indicated by clinical and epidemiological studies (Kris-Etherton et al 2004, Ruxton et al 2005. The most important compounds of n)3 PUFAs are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n)3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n)3).…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing Phototrophic Cells without Light

2006

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Many phototrophic microorganisms contain large quantities of high-value products such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids but phototrophic growth is often slow due to light limitation. Some phototrophic microorganisms can also grow on cheap organic substrate heterotrophically. Heterotrophic cultivation can be well controlled and provides the possibility to achieve fast growth and high yield of valuable products on a large scale. Several strategies have been investigated for cultivation of phototrophic microorganisms without light. These include trophic conversion of obligate photoautotrophic microorganisms by genetic engineering, development of efficient cultivation systems and optimization of culture conditions. This paper reviews recent advances in heterotrophic cultivation of phototrophic cells with an emphasis on microalgae.

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Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing Phototrophic Cells without Light

2006

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“…Furthermore, PUFAs are closely related to numerous human diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers, so proper levels of PUFAs in the body are essential for maintaining health. Above all, n-3 PUFAs are beneficial for humans and animals and have been verified to exert preventive and therapeutic effects on some diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, cancer, and neuropathic diseases (Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al 2004;Kris-Etherton et al 2004;Mozaffarian at al. 2005;Gaibazzi and Ziacchi 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modified n–3 fatty acid desaturase gene from Caenorhabditis briggsae produced high proportion of DHA and DPA in transgenic mice

Zhu

Chen²,

Wu³

et al. 2008

Transgenic Res

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The functions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been widely investigated. In mammals, levels of n-3 PUFAs are relatively low compared to those of n-6 PUFAs. Either a lack of n-3 PUFAs or an excess of n-6 PUFAs could potentially cause health problems in humans. Hence, methods to increase the amount of n-3 PUFAs in diet have been intensely sought. In this study, we demonstrated that the n-3 fatty acid desaturase gene (sFat-1) synthesized from revised and optimized codons based on roundworm Caenorhabditis briggsae genomic gene for enhanced expression in mammals was successfully expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and significantly elevated cellular n-3 PUFA contents. We generated sFat-1 transgenic mice by introducing mammal expression vector DNAs containing the sFat-1 gene into regular mice through the method of microinjection. Fatty acid compositions were then altered and the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) were greatly increased in these transgenic mice. Various types of tissues in the transgenic mice produced many types of n-3 PUFAs, such as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), DPA, and DHA, for example, muscle tissues of the transgenic mice contained 12.2% DHA, 2.0% DPA, and 23.1% total n-3 PUFAs. These research results demonstrated that the synthesized sFat-1 gene with modified and optimized codons from C. briggsae possess functional activity and greater capability of producing n-3 PUFAs, especially DHA and DPA, in transgenic mice.

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“…The Nurse's Health Study showed that for an increment of 5% of energy from PUFAs (81% linoleic acid) there was a 38% reduced risk of CVD (RR 0.62: CI 0.46-0.85, p = 0.003) [19]. A subsequent review describing 11 prospective studies, found 9 showing a beneficial association between PUFA intake and CVD incidence and mortality [20]. Finally, a recent pooled analysis confirmed that replacing SFA with PUFAs had a beneficial effect on CHD mortality [17].…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (Pufas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Diseases

PhD¹,

Gerber²

2011

The Mediterranean Diet

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It has been hypothesized that Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection may contribute to reduced stature, risk of hypertension or obesity. The aim was to evaluate body indices in Hp positive and negative persons. A total of 2436 subjects (4-100 years old) were tested for Hp status by 13 C-urea breath test. Data on height and weight were collected for 84%, and blood pressure for 80% of the study subjects. The prevalence of Hp infection was 41.6%. The odds ratio for a 10-year increase in age was 1.21 (95% CI 1.17-1.25, p-value <0.001). Statistically significant negative association of Hp positivity with body height was most pronounced in the younger age groups, while a positive association of Hp positivity with body mass index was only seen in those aged 15+ years. There was a negative effect of Hp positivity on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in subjects below 25 and a relatively strong positive effect on blood pressure in subjects over 65 years. Residual confounding by social characteristics as a possible explanation for the associations of Hp positivity with height and blood pressure cannot be excluded. Unmeasured factors related to social and family environment may cause the apparent association between Hp positivity and children's growth and blood pressure.

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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Growing Phototrophic Cells without Light

Growing Phototrophic Cells without Light

A modified n–3 fatty acid desaturase gene from Caenorhabditis briggsae produced high proportion of DHA and DPA in transgenic mice

Cardiovascular Diseases

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