Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Zhang, Yufei; Lü, Jian; Yu, Feifei; Gao, Hongxiang; Zhou, Yuhao

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099637

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…There were significant differences after 4 months favouring the supplement group for body mass, plasma vitamin D, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and number of steps [ 224 ].In a meta-analysis of 8 prospective cohort studies looking at PUFA and lung cancer risk, the team concluded that PUFA intake had little or no effect on lung cancer risk. PUFA intake might play a small role in lung cancer prevention in women, but this is unclear [ 225 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution and respiratory disease: can diet or supplements help? A review

et al. 2018

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Pollution is known to cause and exacerbate a number of chronic respiratory diseases. The World Health Organisation has placed air pollution as the world’s largest environmental health risk factor. There has been recent publicity about the role for diet and anti-oxidants in mitigating the effects of pollution, and this review assesses the evidence for alterations in diet, including vitamin supplementation in abrogating the effects of pollution on asthma and other chronic respiratory diseases. We found evidence to suggest that carotenoids, vitamin D and vitamin E help protect against pollution damage which can trigger asthma, COPD and lung cancer initiation. Vitamin C, curcumin, choline and omega-3 fatty acids may also play a role. The Mediterranean diet appears to be of benefit in patients with airways disease and there appears to be a beneficial effect in smokers however there is no direct evidence regarding protecting against air pollution. More studies investigating the effects of nutrition on rapidly rising air pollution are urgently required. However it is very difficult to design such studies due to the confounding factors of diet, obesity, co-morbid illness, medication and environmental exposure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution and respiratory disease: can diet or supplements help? A review

et al. 2018

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“…Few observational studies examining PUFA dietary intake and supplementation have provided conflicting results for specific types of cancers (3,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). A large prospective study conducted by Brasky and colleagues showed that long chain omega-3 fatty acids are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mendelian Randomization Study for Genetically Predicted Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Levels on Overall Cancer Risk and Mortality

Liyanage

Ong

et al. 2019

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Observational studies evaluating the link between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and cancers have yielded mixed findings. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate whether genetic evidence supports a causal role for PUFAs on overall cancer outcomes.Methods: We identified genetic instruments for six PUFAs from previous literature and evaluated their association with overall cancer risk (46,155 cases, 270,342 controls) and cancer mortality (6,998 deaths, 270,342 controls) among the UK Biobank cohort. We used the inverse variance weighted model to combine SNP estimates, and derived log (OR) estimates per SD change in each PUFA.Results: None of the six PUFAs showed association with overall cancer risk or mortality, with narrow confidence interval (CI) ruling out all but very small effects, for example, arachidonic acid (AA) overall cancer risk (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.03). Sex-specific analysis revealed no associations except a-linolenic acid for potentially reducing cancer risk in men (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.98; P ¼ 0.02); however, this was nonsignificant after multiple testing correction. From individual cancers, only colorectal cancer showed evidence for a causal association for higher AA levels (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.07), with similar results for the other correlated PUFAs.Conclusions: Our study provides no support for the hypothesis that PUFAs reduce overall cancer risk or mortality. Higher AA levels increased the risk for colorectal cancer.Impact: Our well-powered MR study provides robust causal inferences for the PUFAs on overall cancer risk and mortality. Future larger studies are warranted to replicate the individual cancer findings.

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“…44 In 1994, it was established that plant-derived fat intake was associated with 30%–40% lower incidence of lung cancer (relative risk [RR], 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.9). 45,46 Data from the 3 meta-analyses confirm the advantage PUFA have on lung parenchyma in contrast to saturated fats 47–49 (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Collectively, saturated fat was reported to increase the risk of lung cancer, while intake of PUFA had the opposite effect. 47–49…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of various dietary habits and risk of lung cancer: an updated comprehensive literature review

Fakhri

Assaad

Tfayli

2020

Tumori

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Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women worldwide. Tobacco smoking remains the single most important factor. Recent research has focused on the role of nutrition and dietary habits on lung tumorigenesis. With many individual reports on separate dietary aspects, no single review is available in the literature that summarizes the updated studies. To our knowledge, this is the first review that comprehensively reviews the updated literature on the effect of dietary habits on lung cancer. This review was concluded in February 2019 and included all meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and literature reviews. Thirty studies were retrieved in total. Items in the diet that offer a protective effect on lung parenchyma are fruits, vegetables, fish, nuts, soy, B vitamins, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin C, and zinc. Changing dietary habits to decrease the risk of lung cancer can be performed in parallel with smoking cessation programs. There is a need for future studies with large sample sizes to accurately evaluate some aspects of nutrition and their effect on lung cancer risk. Physicians are encouraged to provide nutritional advice to their patients.

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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Pollution and respiratory disease: can diet or supplements help? A review

Pollution and respiratory disease: can diet or supplements help? A review

Mendelian Randomization Study for Genetically Predicted Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Levels on Overall Cancer Risk and Mortality

Association of various dietary habits and risk of lung cancer: an updated comprehensive literature review

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