Polysubstance use profiles among US adults using Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): A latent class analysis using The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)

Falise, Alyssa; Hoeflich, Carolin C.; Nutley, Sara K.; López-Quintero, Catalina; Striley, Catherine W.

doi:10.1111/ajad.13345

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…In a latent class analysis of U.S. kratom users, utilizing data from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 412 adults reported using kratom in the past 12-months in addition to at least one of 11 additional substances ( 61 ). The three most distinct polysubstance user profiles identified were kratom users who also were using marijuana/alcohol/tobacco [63.3%], marijuana/alcohol/tobacco + psychedelics [19.3%], and marijuana/alcohol/tobacco + psychedelics/heroin/prescriptions [17.4%].…”

Section: Polysubstance Use Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kratom as a potential substance use disorder harm reduction agent

Green,

Vadiei,

Veltri

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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Substance use disorders contribute to considerable U.S. morbidity and mortality. While effective pharmacotherapy options are available to treat opioid and alcohol use disorders, for a variety of reasons, many patients lack access to treatment or may be reluctant to seek care due to concerns such as perceived stigma or a current lack of desire to completely curtail their substance use. Furthermore, treatment options are limited for patients with stimulant or polysubstance use disorders. Thus, there is considerable need to expand the substance use disorder harm reduction armamentarium. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) is an herbal substance that can produce both opioid and stimulant-like effects, and its use in the US is growing. Though there are concerns regarding adverse effects, dependence risk, and limited regulation of its manufacturing and sale, the pharmacology of kratom and early preclinical studies suggest a potential role as a harm reduction agent for various substance use disorders, and it has historically been used in Southeast Asia for such purposes. The goal of this review is to describe kratom’s history of use, pharmacology, and early pre-clinical and observational research regarding its therapeutic potential in opioid use disorder, as well as alcohol, stimulant, and polysubstance use disorders, while also highlighting current concerns around its use, existing gaps in the literature, and directions for future research.

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Section: Polysubstance Use Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kratom as a potential substance use disorder harm reduction agent

Green,

Vadiei,

Veltri

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Use and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-Analysis

Yang,

Müller,

Singh

2024

Eur Addict Res

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Introduction: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a medicinal tree native to Southeast Asia. The present multilevel meta-analysis describes the association between kratom use and the positive and negative indicators of mental health. Methods: A total of thirty-six articles were included in the meta-analysis to examine the associations, using a random-effects model. Results: The pooled effect size showed a very small positive association between kratom use and negative indicators of mental health {r = 0.092, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.020, 0.164], p < 0.05}, while no significant association was found with positive indicators of mental health (r = −0.031, 95% CI = [−0.149, 0.087], p > 0.05). Pooled effect sizes of specific mental health outcomes indicated that kratom use showed only a small positive correlation with externalizing disorders (r = 0.201, 95% CI = [0.107, 0.300], p < 0.001). No significant association was found between kratom use and quality of life (r = 0.069, 95% CI = [−0.104, 0.242], p > 0.05) and internalizing disorders (r = −0.001, 95% CI = [−0.115, 0.095], p > 0.05). Multilevel moderator analysis showed that the pooled effect size of the association between kratom use and substance use disorder was stronger in Malaysia (r = 0.347, 95% CI = [0.209, 0.516], p < 0.001), and with the mean age (β1 = −0.035, 95% CI = [−0.055, −0.014], p = 0.003), and the drug profile of those who were not co-using other drugs (r = 0.347, 95% CI = [0.209, 0.516], p < 0.001). Conclusion: The meta-analysis supports the kratom instrumentalization concept, in that a positive gain from kratom consumption can be achieved without any significant adverse associations with mental health.

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Polysubstance use profiles among US adults using Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): A latent class analysis using The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Kratom as a potential substance use disorder harm reduction agent

Kratom as a potential substance use disorder harm reduction agent

Kratom (<i>Mitragyna speciosa</i>) Use and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-Analysis

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