Polysubstance use among youth experiencing homelessness: The role of trauma, mental health, and social network composition

DiGuiseppi, Graham; Davis, Jordan P.; Christie, Nina C.; Rice, Eric

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108228

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Social networks are naturally occurring groups of people that influence health and behaviors through a variety of mechanisms, such as provision of support, access to resources and information, social comparison, social rewards and sanctions, stress reduction, and socialization [13,14]. Social networks can play positive and negative roles in the lives of people experiencing homelessness in terms of influencing the types and amount of social support they receive, their substance use and mental health, and even their transition out of homelessness [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. After entering a housing program, it is likely that the social networks of recently homeless young people undergo a period of heightened volatility.…”

Section: Social Network Influences On Individuals Experiencing Homelementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The personal network approach defines the composition and structure of a social network of one individual [ 22 – 25 ]. Personal network approaches have been used to study substance use and other risk behaviors among individuals experiencing homelessness, including YEH [ 5 , 17 , 26 ]. Personal network data differ from more traditional social network data (“complete” or “sociocentric”) because personal network data are collected from individuals about their perceptions of their own social environments rather than their connections to members of a particular group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motivational network intervention to reduce substance use and increase supportive connections among formerly homeless emerging adults transitioning to housing: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial

Tucker

Kennedy

Osilla

et al. 2021

Addict Sci Clin Pract

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Background Studies indicate high rates of substance use among youth experiencing homelessness (YEH). Further, the social networks of YEH, although multi-dimensional in composition, are largely comprised of other YEH, substance users, and individuals who do not provide the youth with tangible or emotional support. For YEH who have the opportunity to enter a housing program, helping them to reduce their substance use and strengthen their prosocial supportive connections during this critical transition period may increase their stability and reduce their risk of re-entering homelessness. The goal of this study is to pilot test a brief motivational network intervention (MNI), delivered by case managers, to help former YEH who have recently transitioned to a housing program reduce their substance use and strengthen their prosocial supportive connections. Methods/design Up to 60 residents of housing programs in the Los Angeles area will be randomized to receive four sessions of usual case manager support or four sessions of case manager support + MNI. Each MNI session consists of three parts: (1) identifying two goals that are most important for the resident over the next year (e.g., get or keep a job, finish or stay in school, reduce substance use); (2) a network interview with the resident to capture network data pertaining to their interactions in the past 2 weeks; and (3) a discussion between the case manager and the resident of the resulting network visualizations, conducted in a Motivational Interviewing (MI) style, and what role the resident’s network may play in reaching their most important goals over the next year. Discussion This study addresses a critical gap by pilot testing a computer-assisted MNI, delivered using MI techniques, that can help case managers work with recent YEH to reduce substance use and increase permanent supportive connections during the critical transitional period from homelessness to housing. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04637815. Registered November 10, 2020.

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Section: Social Network Influences On Individuals Experiencing Homelementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivational network intervention to reduce substance use and increase supportive connections among formerly homeless emerging adults transitioning to housing: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial

Tucker

Kennedy

Osilla

et al. 2021

Addict Sci Clin Pract

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Social networks are naturally occurring groups of people that can influence an individual’s behavior in both positive and negative ways through various mechanisms, such as social comparison, social sanctions and rewards, flows of information, support and resources, stress reduction, and socialization [ 7 – 9 ]. The networks of YEH, while diverse, include a high proportion of substance users [ 10 , 11 ], which is associated with heavier alcohol and drug use [ 11 , 12 ]. YEH tend to have few stable support providers in their network [ 13 – 15 ] and are more likely to engage in substance use with network members who provide support or occupy other influential social roles [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of a computer-assisted social network motivational interviewing intervention to reduce substance use and increase supportive connections among emerging adults transitioning from homelessness to housing

Kennedy

Osilla

Tucker

2022

Addict Sci Clin Pract

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Background Social networks may play positive and negative roles in the lives of young adults experiencing homelessness (YEH) who are transitioning into housing. Social networks can influence their alcohol and/or other drug (AOD) use, as well as provide immediate and long-term support necessary for a successful transition. Methods We adapted a four-session computer-assisted motivational interviewing social network intervention (MI-SNI) for YEH transitioning into housing. We iteratively adapted and beta tested the intervention for delivery by case managers at an organization that provides supportive housing to YEH. We conducted a focus group with agency staff (n = 6), role-play exercises with case managers (n = 3), and semi-structured interviews with residents (n = 6). Interview data were thematically analyzed with open coding. This study presents the first adaptation of an innovative social network-based motivational intervention to reduce AOD use and increase stable, prosocial supportive connections via visualizations of the structure and composition of the individual’s social network. Results Participants rated sessions as “moderately” to “very” helpful and “good” quality on average. Participants agreed that the sessions were helpful, understandable, and satisfying and would work for new residents. Themes emerged in four broad categories: (1) Acceptability, (2) Positive benefits, (3) Visualization reactions, and (4) MI-SNI interface reactions. For the acceptability category, three sub-themes emerged: (1) understandability, (2) enjoyability and ease of use, (3) and barriers to acceptability. Five sub-themes emerged about the intervention’s likelihood to trigger positive benefits: (1) learning/new insights, (2) enhancement to motivation to change, (3) making AOD changes, (4) building social support, and (5) the intervention’s usefulness to some but not others. Five sub-themes also emerged from comments about the social network visualizations: (1) general positive comments, (2) understandability, (3) new insights, (4) triggering changes in social support, and (5) triggering changes in AOD use. When discussing the MI-SNI intervention interface beyond the visualizations, discussions emerged in three thematic categories: (1) discussion of name listing, (2) discussion of screen wording, and (3) the use of a computer interface to deliver the intervention. Conclusions Results suggest that the MI-SNI is acceptable to YEH and can be feasibly delivered by case managers during case management sessions. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04637815. Registered November 10, 2020

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“…Marijuana and tobacco are often used to cope with stress and traumatic events, which are common among young people experiencing homelessness (13,14). A study of homeless smokers found that a large proportion had experienced trauma and reported posttraumatic stress symptoms; these individuals endorsed smoking to reduce negative affect and for the positive social effects (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Tobacco and Marijuana Use Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness in a Midwestern City

Glasser¹,

Hinton²,

Wermert³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundCigarette smoking is three times more prevalent among youth experiencing homelessness compared with the general population. Co-use of tobacco and marijuana is also common. The aim of this study is to characterize tobacco and marijuana use among homeless young people in a Midwestern city.MethodsThis study included 96 youth and young adults (52% male, 39% female, 5% transgender/non-binary) attending a homeless drop-in center who had used at least one combustible tobacco product in the past week. We assessed past-month use of tobacco products and marijuana and other product use characteristics (e.g., frequency, brand and flavor).ResultsMost youth experiencing homelessness with past-week combustible tobacco use had used cigarettes (88.5%), cigars (92.7%), and marijuana (85.4%) in the past month. One-third used electronic vapor products, 19.8% smoked hookah, and 11.5% used smokeless tobacco. Most marijuana users co-administered with tobacco (69.8%). Daily combustible tobacco smoking was associated with having a child and smoking out of boredom/habit. Daily marijuana use was associated with using substances to cope with one’s housing situation. Newport and Black & Mild were the most popular brands of cigarettes and cigars. Most non-combustible tobacco users reported not having a usual brand. Cigar smokers reported the most varied selection of flavors.ConclusionsYoung combustible tobacco users experiencing homelessness engage in high-risk use patterns, including poly-tobacco use, co-use of tobacco with marijuana, and frequent combustible product use. Interventions that consider the full context of tobacco and marijuana use are needed to support cessation in this population.

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Polysubstance use among youth experiencing homelessness: The role of trauma, mental health, and social network composition

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

Motivational network intervention to reduce substance use and increase supportive connections among formerly homeless emerging adults transitioning to housing: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial

Motivational network intervention to reduce substance use and increase supportive connections among formerly homeless emerging adults transitioning to housing: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial

Feasibility of a computer-assisted social network motivational interviewing intervention to reduce substance use and increase supportive connections among emerging adults transitioning from homelessness to housing

Characterizing Tobacco and Marijuana Use Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness in a Midwestern City

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