Polystyrenes containing flexible alkylsulfonated side chains as a proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

Sheng, L.; Higashihara, Tomoya; Nakazawa, Satoshi; Ueda, Mitsuru

doi:10.1039/c2py20552a

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…One of the reasons for the high oxidative stability is probably that the main chains with the benzylic CH bonds are well separated from the sulfonic acids, by which the hydroxy radical attack on the membrane could be significantly suppressed. It is interesting to compare the stability of the block copolystyrene membranes to that of the random copolystyrene which we have already reported 30. Although the crosslinked PSBOS 2.2 ‐ b ‐P n BOS 1 membranes had a slightly higher IEC than the crosslinked PBOS 3 ‐ r ‐PSBOS 7 , the stability was much better for the former than for the latter, which indicated that the more organized morphologies may also enhance the oxidative stability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The crosslinked PSBOS x ‐ b ‐P n BOS y membranes were prepared according to our previous report with minor modification (Scheme ) 30. A solution of PSBOS x ‐ b ‐P n BOS y , 3 mol% of MBHP and a catalytic amount of methanesulfonic acid in DMSO was cast on a glass plate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 7 shows the variation in the proton conductivity of the crosslinked PSBOS x ‐ b ‐P n BOS y membranes at 80 °C as a function of RH, in which the data of Nafion 117 obtained in this study and the crosslinked PBOS 2 ‐ r ‐PSBOS 8 obtained in our previous work30 are presented for comparison. Although the proton conductivities of the crosslinked PSBOS 1 ‐ b ‐P n BOS 1.3 and PSBOS 1 ‐ b ‐P n BOS 3.2 membranes are lower than that of Nafion 117 in the RH range below 70%, these membranes exhibit higher or comparable proton conductivities compared to Nafion 117 at 95% RH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proton conductivity of the block copolymers follows the typical proton conductivity behavior of the sulfonated aromatic polymers, depending on the IEC values of the membranes, the higher IEC, the higher proton conductivity. Notably, the difference between the proton conductivity and IEC value is smaller for the PSBOS x ‐ b ‐P n BOS y block copolymers than for the PBOS x ‐ r ‐PSBOS y random copolymers at a low RH 30. This is likely related to the differences in morphology of the random and block copolymers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the oxidative stability and mechanical strength have been far less investigated in these reports because polystyrene is not considered to be an ideal material for PEM application due to its poor oxidative stability of the benzylic CH bond. On the other hand, our previous study showed an interesting finding, the introduction of flexible alkylsulfonated side chains to the random copolystyrene main chains improved the oxidative stability probably due to prevention or reduction of the hydroxyl radical attack on the polymer main chain, and also increased the proton conductivity at a low RH 30. An attractive way to obtain a well‐organized phase separation is to fabricate block copolymers consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Block copolystyrene derivatives having flexible alkylsulfonated side chains and hydrophobic alkoxy chains as a proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

Sheng

Higashihara

Maeda

et al. 2013

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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A series of block copolystyrene derivatives, poly{[4‐(4‐sulfobutyloxy)styrene]x‐block‐[4‐(n‐butoxystyrene)]y} (PSBOSx‐b‐PnBOSy), containing a flexible alkylsufonated side chain and hydrophobic alkoxy chain with various ion exchange capacities (IECs) have been synthesized based on living anionic polymerization. The resulting crosslinked membranes were prepared using 4,4′‐methylene‐bis[2,6‐bis(hydroxyethyl)phenol] as the crosslinker in the presence of methanesulfonic acid. The crosslinked PSBOS2.2‐b‐PnBOS1 membrane with IEC of 2.89 mequiv g−1 displays a high proton conductivity (0.01 S cm−1) at 30% relative humidity and 80 °C, which is comparable to that of Nafion. The well‐developed phase separation and the continuous hydrophilic domains in the crosslinked PSBOS2.2‐b‐PnBOS1 membranes have been observed in a transmission electron microscope image. Moreover, the dynamic mechanical analysis measurement and Fenton's reagent testing show that the crosslinked PSBOSx‐b‐PnBOSy membranes have good mechanical properties and oxidative stability. These results indicate that the introduction of flexible alkylsulfonated side chains to the polystyrene main chains positively affect both the proton conductivity and oxidative stability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Block copolystyrene derivatives having flexible alkylsulfonated side chains and hydrophobic alkoxy chains as a proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

Sheng

Higashihara

Maeda

et al. 2013

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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Thermoelectric Properties of Polymeric Mixed Conductors

Ail

Jafari

Wang

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

100

104

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The thermoelectric (TE) phenomena are intensively explored by the scientific community due to the rather inefficient way energy resources are used with a large fraction of energy wasted in the form of heat. Among various materials, mixed ion-electron conductors (MIEC) are recently being explored as potential thermoelectrics, primarily due to their low thermal conductivity. The combination of electronic and ionic charge carriers in those inorganic or organic materials leads to complex evolution of the thermovoltage (Voc) with time, temperature and/or humidity. One of the most promising organic thermoelectric materials, poly(3,4-ethyelenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT-PSS), is a MIEC. A previous study reveals that at high humidity, PEDOT-PSS undergoes an ionic Seebeck effect due to mobile protons. Yet, this phenomenon is not well understood. In this work, we study the time dependence of the Voc and explain its behavior from the contribution of both charge carriers (holes and protons). We identify the presence of a complex reorganization of the charge carriers promoting an internal electrochemical reaction within the polymer film. Interestingly, we demonstrate that the time dependence behavior of Voc is a way to distinguish between three classes of polymeric materials: electronic conductor, ionic conductor and mixed ionic-electronic conductor.

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Simultaneous Enhancement of Electrical Conductivity and Porosity of a Metal–Organic Framework Toward Thermoelectric Applications

Olorunyomi,

Dyett,

Murdoch

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit large surface areas and low thermal conductivity, making them promising for thermoelectric generation. However, their limited electrical conductivity poses a significant hurdle to be practically useful. Traditionally, enhancing the electrical conductivity of MOFs typically comes at the cost of reducing surface area, thereby increasing thermal conductivity. This study introduces an approach to simultaneously boost the electrical conductivity and porosity of a MOF‐based material while maintaining remarkably low thermal conductivity. The electrically conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is deployed to nucleate the growth of Cu3(BTC)2 (or simply CuBTC, where BTC = benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid), resulting in the synthesis of composites labeled CPP‐y (where y denotes wt% PEDOT:PSS). Predictably, the CPP‐y composites are more electrically conductive than pure CuBTC, achieving an electrical conductivity exceeding 1.40 S cm−1 at room temperature. Furthermore, the CPP‐y composites exhibit consistently high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas of ≈1600 m2 g−1, comparable to pristine CuBTC, while maintaining thermal conductivities below 0.04 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature. With a high Seebeck coefficient in the range 180–373 µV K−1, CPP‐15 and CPP‐23 demonstrate a figure‐of‐merit (zT) of 0.25 and 0.11, respectively, at 285 K, marking a substantial achievement for MOF‐based materials.

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Polystyrenes containing flexible alkylsulfonated side chains as a proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

Cited by 37 publications

References 44 publications

Block copolystyrene derivatives having flexible alkylsulfonated side chains and hydrophobic alkoxy chains as a proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

Block copolystyrene derivatives having flexible alkylsulfonated side chains and hydrophobic alkoxy chains as a proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

Thermoelectric Properties of Polymeric Mixed Conductors

Simultaneous Enhancement of Electrical Conductivity and Porosity of a Metal–Organic Framework Toward Thermoelectric Applications

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