Polystyrenes and Styrene Copolymers – An Overview

Nießner, Norbert; Gausepohl, Hermann

doi:10.1002/0470867213.ch2

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[ 7 ]. The styrenic polymers fall into different sub-classes [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Firstly, it is a homopolymer of styrene, which is also known as a general purpose polystyrene (GPPS) [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, there are two types of polystyrene foams that are available commercially: expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 14 ]. The EPS is a rigid closed-cell foam used for food packaging and thermal insulation [ 11 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The grain-shaped beads are expanded up to 50 times of their original size to produce a rigid foam [ 14 ]. Meanwhile, the XPS is prepared through the expansion of a melt, containing a blowing agent and other additives including fire retardants (FRs), to improve the characteristics of the foam [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. High-impact polystyrene (HIPS) has gained great industrial attention because of its good impact strength, high rigidity, and heat distortion resistance [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reactive and Additive Modifications of Styrenic Polymers with Phosphorus-Containing Compounds and Their Effects on Fire Retardance

Baby¹,

Tretsiakova-McNally²,

Arun

et al. 2020

Molecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polystyrene, despite its high flammability, is widely used as a thermal insulation material for buildings, for food packaging, in electrical and automotive industries, etc. A number of modification routes have been explored to improve the fire retardance and boost the thermal stability of commercially important styrene-based polymeric products. The earlier strategies mostly involved the use of halogenated fire retardants. Nowadays, these compounds are considered to be persistent pollutants that are hazardous to public and environmental health. Many well-known halogen-based fire retardants, regardless of their chemical structures and modes of action, have been withdrawn from built environments in the European Union, USA, and Canada. This had triggered a growing research interest in, and an industrial demand for, halogen-free alternatives, which not only will reduce the flammability but also address toxicity and bioaccumulation issues. Among the possible options, phosphorus-containing compounds have received greater attention due to their excellent fire-retarding efficiencies and environmentally friendly attributes. Numerous reports were also published on reactive and additive modifications of polystyrene in different forms, particularly in the last decade; hence, the current article aims to provide a critical review of these publications. The authors mainly intend to focus on the chemistries of phosphorous compounds, with the P atom being in different chemical environments, used either as reactive, or additive, fire retardants in styrene-based materials. The chemical pathways and possible mechanisms behind the fire retardance are discussed in this review.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reactive and Additive Modifications of Styrenic Polymers with Phosphorus-Containing Compounds and Their Effects on Fire Retardance

Baby¹,

Tretsiakova-McNally²,

Arun

et al. 2020

Molecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Polystyrene (PS) is one of the most widely used polymers in thermoplastic materials because it has stiffness, gloss, hardness, and brilliance and is a long chain hydrocarbon with every other carbon connected to a phenyl group. The major applications of PS are beakers, transparent food packaging, audio/video cassette packs, lamp covers, etc . Polystyrene nanofibers are successfully produced by the electrospinning method, and it has been demonstrated that electrospun PS fibers have interesting applications in many areas such as tissue engineering, filtration, enzyme immobilization, sensors, catalysis immobilization, composite materials, and prepared ion exchangers on PS fibers for fast water treatment in the field of filtration and separation science and for drug delivery .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major applications of PS are beakers, transparent food packaging, audio/video cassette packs, lamp covers, etc. 42 Polystyrene nanofibers are successfully produced by the electrospinning method, [43][44][45][46][47] and it has been demonstrated that electrospun PS fibers have interesting applications in many areas such as tissue engineering, 48 filtration, 49 enzyme immobilization, 50 sensors, 51 catalysis immobilization, 52 composite materials, 53 and prepared ion exchangers on PS fibers for fast water treatment in the field of filtration and separation science and for drug delivery. 54 The morphology of the electrospun PS fibers plays an important role in the physical/mechanical properties of the final products to be used in certain applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel polystyrene/epoxy ultra‐fine hybrid fabric by electrospinning

Megahed

Zoalfakar

Ali

2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, electrospinning technique has been used to produce a new ultra-fine hybrid fiber from a solution consists of polystyrene (PS) and epoxy polymers in dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. Five ratios of different weight percentages of epoxy in PS/DMF solutions of 4 different concentrations; 15, 20, 25 and 30 wt.% were made to obtain the minimum diameter of the produced hybrid fiber. The minimum obtained hybrid fiber diameter was found to be 897 ± 239 nm at a PS/epoxy ratio of 5:1 and 13.33 Berry's number. Adding epoxy to PS has reduced the electrospun fiber diameter from 2.64 ± 0.49 μm for PS only to 1.52 ± 0.72 μm for PS/epoxy hybrid ultra-fine fibers because of the reduction in Berry's number from 12.4 to 11.53, which gives an indication for the effect of adding epoxy on the PS molecular chain entanglement in DMF. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy results unambiguously reveal the coexistence of both epoxy and PS polymers in the hybrid fiber. We hypothesize that a hydrophopic (π-π) interaction between the benzene rings of PS and epoxy polymers could contribute to the stability of the resulting hybrid fiber under electrospinning conditions. The fact that the lack of functional groups on both of PS and epoxy polymers that can results in covalent bonding or crosslinking between the 2 polymers supports the hypothesis of hydrophopic (π-π) interaction in the stability of the hybrid fiber. Such (π-π) interaction is well known to contribute to DNA single strand helical structure via intrastrand staking of the consecutive purine and pyrimidine nucleobases.

show abstract

Plastics Waste – Consumer and Industry

2019

Plastics Waste Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polystyrenes and Styrene Copolymers – An Overview

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Reactive and Additive Modifications of Styrenic Polymers with Phosphorus-Containing Compounds and Their Effects on Fire Retardance

Reactive and Additive Modifications of Styrenic Polymers with Phosphorus-Containing Compounds and Their Effects on Fire Retardance

A novel polystyrene/epoxy ultra‐fine hybrid fabric by electrospinning

Plastics Waste – Consumer and Industry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About