Polystyrene nanoparticles: the mechanism of their genotoxicity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Malinowska, K.; Bukowska, Bożena; Piwoński, Ireneusz; Foksiński, Marek; Kisielewska, Aneta; Zarakowska, Ewelina; Gackowski, Daniel; Sicińska, Paulina

doi:10.1080/17435390.2022.2149360

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…PS-NP exposure is responsible for pulmonary toxicity, intestinal disturbance, carcinogenesis, dermal cell impairment, cardiovascular complications, alteration of CNS functions, and genotoxicity [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. These disorders are the result of complex mechanisms of action of PS-NPs in respective cells ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A549 as an In Vitro Model to Evaluate the Impact of Microplastics in the Air

Shahzadi,

Di Serafino,

Aruffo

et al. 2023

Biology

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Airborne microplastics raise significant concerns due to their potential health impacts. Having a small size, larger surface area, and penetrative ability into the biological system, makes them hazardous to health. This review article compiles various studies investigating the mechanism of action of polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics affecting lung epithelial cells A549. These inhalable microplastics damage the respiratory system, by triggering a proinflammatory environment, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, morphological changes, and cytotoxic accumulation in A549 cells. PS-NP lung toxicity depends on various factors such as size, surface modifications, concentration, charge, and zeta potential. However, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity mechanisms depend on the cell type. For A549 cells, PS-NPs are responsible for energy imbalance by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity, immunomodulation, and apoptosis. Additionally, PS-NPs have the ability to traverse the placental barrier, posing a risk to offspring. Despite the advancements, the precise mechanisms underlying how prolonged exposure to PS-NPs leads to the development and progression of lung diseases have unclear points, necessitating further investigations to unravel the root cause. This review also sheds light on data gaps, inconsistencies in PS-Nos research, and provides recommendations for further research in this field.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A549 as an In Vitro Model to Evaluate the Impact of Microplastics in the Air

Shahzadi,

Di Serafino,

Aruffo

et al. 2023

Biology

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“…Furthermore, studies on the subcellular level demonstrated the potential genotoxicity of the PS MPs. For example, in vitro exposure of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to PS MPs with different diameters of 29, 44, and 72 nm, demonstrated a decrease in PBMCs metabolic activity, increased single/double‐strand break formation, oxidized purines and pyrimidines, and increased 8oxodG levels 102 . However, the defects caused by the largest PS‐NPs were completely repaired.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worker studies suggest unique liver carcinogenicity potential of polyvinyl chloride microplastics

Zarus,

Muianga,

Brenner

et al. 2023

American J Industrial Med

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BackgroundPlastic debris pervades our environment. Some breaks down into microplastics (MPs) that can enter and distribute in living organisms causing effects in multiple target organs. MPs have been demonstrated to harm animals through environmental exposure. Laboratory animal studies are still insufficient to evaluate human impact. And while MPs have been found in human tissues, the health effects at environmental exposure levels are unclear.AimWe reviewed and summarized existing evidence on health effects from occupational exposure to MPs. Additionally, the diverse effects documented for workers were organized by MP type and associated co‐contaminants. Evidence of the unique effects of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) on liver was then highlighted.MethodsWe conducted two stepwise online literature reviews of publications focused on the health risks associated with occupational MP exposures. This information was supplemented with findings from animal studies.ResultsOur analysis focused on 34 published studies on occupational health effects from MP exposure with half involving exposure to PVC and the other half a variety of other MPs to compare. Liver effects following PVC exposure were reported for workers. While PVC exposure causes liver toxicity and increases the risk of liver cancers, including angiosarcomas and hepatocellular carcinomas, the carcinogenic effects of work‐related exposure to other MPs, such as polystyrene and polyethylene, are not well understood.ConclusionThe data supporting liver toxicity are strongest for PVC exposure. Overall, the evidence of liver toxicity from occupational exposure to MPs other than PVC is lacking. The PVC worker data summarized here can be useful in assisting clinicians evaluating exposure histories from PVC exposure and designing future cell, animal, and population exposure‐effect research studies.

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“…177 Researchers have revealed that exposure to polystyrene microplastics signicantly harmed human white blood cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and human hematopoietic cells, resulting in cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, immunomodulatory and inammatory reactions, and further genotoxic potential, leading to a considerable increase in the levels of DNA damage and mutations. 45,[178][179][180] Understanding how nanoparticles interact with blood components is a crucial rst step in evaluating their true hazard potential.…”

Section: Interaction With the Circulatory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to the genome (DNA). [45][46][47][48] However, the distributor of these particles to other organs is the blood and blood components. 41,49,50 Hence, it is essential to analyze their interactions with blood components, as blood components are essential for many physiological activities and play an important part in preserving human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%