Polysaccharides of the characeae II. The carbohydrate content of Nitella translucens

Anderson, D.M.W.; King, N. J.

doi:10.1016/0006-3002(61)90401-2

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The cell wall composition reported here was consistent with previous reports for this (M&raux 1982) and other Nitella species (Anderson and King 1961;Morikawa 1975). However, by removing the cuticle we found the protein content of the wall to be half that reported by Morikawa (1975) for N.flexiIis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Galactose and arabinose were also higher in the carbonate extract. The pectin composition was similar to that of dicotyledons, except that in Nitella pectins the uronic acid was totally non-esterified, which is in agreement with Anderson and King (1961). Together, the two pectin fractions constituted about half of the carbohydrate of the Nitella cell wall.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

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Cell wall synthesis during growth and maturation of Nitella internodal cells

Morrison

1993

Planta

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An improved (13)C-density-labeling method was used to study cell wall synthesis in rapidly expanding, slowly expanding and recently mature internodes of Nitella translucens var axillaris (A.Br.) R.D.W. As cells matured, the rate of wall synthesis slowed and the deposition of cellulose microfibrils changed from a predominantly transverse direction in the primary wall of rapidly expanding internodes to a helicoidal array in the secondary wall of mature internodes. The secondary wall was characterized by relatively higher rates of cellulose synthesis and lower rates of pectin synthesis than the primary wall. The synthesis of xyloglucan also decreased markedly at the transition to secondary wall synthesis, while the synthesis of mannose-rich hemicellulose increased. Even though structural differences were striking between the primary and secondary walls of Nitella, compositional differences between the two types of wall were quantitative rather than qualitative.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Cell wall synthesis during growth and maturation of Nitella internodal cells

Morrison

1993

Planta

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“…Moreover, the glycosyl linkages and epitopes typically associated with the arabinosyl‐ and galactosyl‐containing side chains of RGI were absent or present at low levels (Figure 2 and Table S1). Previous studies of the cell walls of N. translucens (Anderson and King, 1961a,b) and Chara australis (Anderson and King, 1961c) based on fractionation of wall components followed by monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that both species may contain pectins that include galactose arabinose xylose and rhamnose. Whether these data are truly indicative of the presence of RGI is hard to assess, as the presence of glycosyl linkages was not determined.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is evidence that the biosynthesis of cellulose, which has ancient evolutionary origins in the cyanobacteria, is similar in embryophytes and some CGA (Roberts and Roberts, 2007). A number of studies have also indicated that the walls of some CGA species contain polymers that are similar to those found in embryophyte cell walls (Anderson and King, 1961a,b,c; Delwiche et al. , 1989; Lütz‐Meindl and Brosch‐Salomon, 2000; Hotchkiss et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The charophycean green algae provide insights into the early origins of plant cell walls

Sørensen¹,

Pettolino²,

Bacic³

et al. 2011

The Plant Journal

224

271

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SUMMARYNumerous evolutionary innovations were required to enable freshwater green algae to colonize terrestrial habitats and thereby initiate the evolution of land plants (embryophytes). These adaptations probably included changes in cell-wall composition and architecture that were to become essential for embryophyte development and radiation. However, it is not known to what extent the polymers that are characteristic of embryophyte cell walls, including pectins, hemicelluloses, glycoproteins and lignin, evolved in response to the demands of the terrestrial environment or whether they pre-existed in their algal ancestors. Here we show that members of the advanced charophycean green algae (CGA), including the Charales, Coleochaetales and Zygnematales, but not basal CGA (Klebsormidiales and Chlorokybales), have cell walls that are comparable in several respects to the primary walls of embryophytes. Moreover, we provide both chemical and immunocytochemical evidence that selected Coleochaete species have cell walls that contain small amounts of lignin or lignin-like polymers derived from radical coupling of hydroxycinnamyl alcohols. Thus, the ability to synthesize many of the components that characterize extant embryophyte walls evolved during divergence within CGA. Our study provides new insight into the evolutionary window during which the structurally complex walls of embryophytes originated, and the significance of the advanced CGA during these events.

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“…These mostly polysaccharide matrices are biologically important because they are believed to influence cell morphology and structure as well as take part in the size exclusion and ion exchange properties of the symplast. Uronic acid-containing polysaccharides are one of the most abundant matrix components of the primary cell walls of most higher plants (1) and certain algae (2,3). These sugar acid-containing matrix polysaccharides (1) exist as homopolymers with rhamnosyl residues, upon which neutral sugar side chains reside, interrupting the polyuronide main chain into regions or blocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homopolygalacturonan Molecular Size in Plant Cell Wall Matrices Via Paramagnetic Ion and Nitroxyl Amide Dipolar Spin-Spin Interactions

Irwin¹,

Sevilla²,

Chamulitrat³

1988

Biophysical Journal

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Mn(2+), Cu(2+), and nitroxyl amines have been shown to bond to plant homopolygalacturonan matrices in a spatially sequential fashion. As a consequence of this special form of cooperativity the lattice constant (kappa), determined from Van Vleck's second moment relationship, approaches 1 only when the average number of dipolar interactions per spin approaches 1 (e.g., an array of dimers). Assuming that one paramagnetic ion or nitroxyl amide pair is bonded per polymer block within the matrix when kappa = 1, the anionic ligand's average degree of polymerization ([unk]) can be estimated from the concentration of bonded paramagnetic dimers (e.g., [1/chi](kappa approximately 1) = [unk]; chi is the mole fraction of bonded paramagnetic dimers). We have utilized this technique to estimate the average molecular size of homopolygalacturonan blocks in intact higher plant cortical cell walls ([unk] approximately 83), Nitella cell walls ([unk] approximately 27) and a commercially available galacturonic acid polymer ([unk] approximately 35). The [unk] determined from both the intact cortical cell wall lattice and the polygalacturonan were similar to literature values; these findings argue that the electron paramagnetic resonance, (EPR) dipolar spin-spin interaction technique reported herein is a valid approach for estimating molecular size in plant cell walls.

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Polysaccharides of the characeae II. The carbohydrate content of Nitella translucens

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Cell wall synthesis during growth and maturation of Nitella internodal cells

Cell wall synthesis during growth and maturation of Nitella internodal cells

The charophycean green algae provide insights into the early origins of plant cell walls

Homopolygalacturonan Molecular Size in Plant Cell Wall Matrices Via Paramagnetic Ion and Nitroxyl Amide Dipolar Spin-Spin Interactions

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