Polysaccharides from New Zealand Native Plants: A Review of Their Structure, Properties, and Potential Applications

Carnachan, Susan; Bell, Tracey; Hinkley, Simon F.R.; Sims, Ian M.

doi:10.3390/plants8060163

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Specifically we target enzymes that hydrolyse O-linked β-linked glucuronic acids, ubiquitous sugar acids present in various plant and algal polysaccharides, 15 bacterial capsular polysaccharides, 16 mammalian glycosaminoglycans, 17 or conjugates excreted by the liver of vertebrates. 18 Most currently known bacterial β-glucuronidases (E.C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional metagenomic screening identifies an unexpected β-glucuronidase

et al. 2022

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The abundance of recorded protein sequence data stands in contrast to the small number of experimentally verified functional annotation. Here we screened a millionmembered metagenomic library at ultrahigh throughput in microfluidic droplets for βglucuronidase activity. We identified SN243, a genuine β-glucuronidase with little homology to previously studied enzymes of this type, as a glycoside hydrolase (GH) 3 family member. This GH family contains only one recently added β-glucuronidase, showing that a functional metagenomic approach can shed light on assignments that are currently 'unpredictable' by bioinformatics. Kinetic analyses of SN243 characterised it as a promiscuous catalyst and structural analysis suggests regions of divergence from homologous GH3 members creating a wide-open active site. With a screening throughput of >10 7 library members per day, picolitre volume microfluidic droplets enable functional assignments that complement current enzyme database dictionaries and provide bridgeheads for the annotation of unexplored sequence space.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional metagenomic screening identifies an unexpected β-glucuronidase

et al. 2022

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“…Traditional medical systems have traditionally used this herb, particularly in south Asia from ancient time [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of silver nanoparticles with gum of Moringa oleifera for effective antibacterial activities against human disease-causing bacterial species

Ali,

Ahmad,

Uddin

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The misuse of antibiotics generates resistant bacterial strains that are extremely dangerous and pose a serious threat to global health systems. This global issue needs a rapid and urgent alternative to control the growth of resistant strains. In this study, a novel strategy was adopted to suppress the growth of resistant pathogens. Here, an immobilization approach was applied using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gum of medicinally important Moringa oleifera. In many studies, the gum and AgNPs alone have proven antibacterial activities. Here, the differential concentrations of AgNPs were immobilized with gum of M. oleifera to investigate its potential against highly resistant pathogens. Immobilization is a powerful technique that is commonly used in pharmaceutics for controlled reactivity and emulsification. The immobilized AgNPs displayed promising activities against highly resistant B. subtilis (23.6mm, 50 µL:200 µL), E. coli (19.3; 75 µL:200 µL), K. pneumoniae (22 mm; 200 µL:200 µL), P. mirabilis (16.3 mm; 100 µL:200 µL), P. aeruginosa (22 mm; 175 µL:200 µL) and S. typhi (19.3; 25 µL: 200 µL) than either AgNPs alone or gum. The immobilized AgNPs released the positive sliver ions and the positively charged nanoparticles (NPs) are attracted by the negatively charged bacterial cells. After attachment and permeation to bacterial cell, the immobilized NPs altering the cell membrane permeability, protein denaturation, causing oxidative stress, deactivating enzymes, generating ROS, DNA damage and changing gene expression level. It has been mechanistically considered that the immobilized AgNPs can kill bacteria by damaging their cell membranes, dephosphorylate tyrosine residues during their signal transduction pathways, cell apoptosis, rupture the organelles and inhibiting the cell division and finally lead to cell death. This study has a potential to be adopted by pharmaceutical industries as highly effective antibacterial alternatives to synthetic drugs.

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“…The results are illustrated in Figure 5. Except for those extracted at 190 °C, all polysaccharides had Polysaccharide is a natural biological macromolecule, and its activity is closely related to its structure, composition, interaction and state, among other things [61]. However, the study of a single polysaccharide is not enough to clarify the relationship between its structural composition, physicochemical properties and biological activity.…”

Section: Triple Helix Of Swespmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Assessment of Polysaccharides Extracted from Squash by Subcritical Water under Different Conditions

Zhang,

Sun,

Yang

et al. 2024

Foods

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The effects of subcritical water microenvironment on the physiochemical properties, antioxidant activity and in vitro digestion of polysaccharides (SWESPs) from squash were investigated. After single-factor experiments, twenty samples were successfully prepared at different extraction temperatures (110, 130, 150, 170 and 190 °C) and extraction times (4, 8, 12 and 16 min). Under a low temperature environment, the whole process was mainly based on the extraction of SWESP. At this time, the color of SWESP was white or light gray and the molecular mass was high. When the temperature was 150 °C, since the extraction and degradation of SWESP reached equilibrium, the maximum extraction rate (18.67%) was reached at 150 °C (12 min). Compared with traditional methods, the yield of squash SWESP extracted by subcritical water was 3–4 times higher and less time consuming. Under high temperature conditions, SWESPs were degraded and their antioxidant capacity and viscosity were reduced. Meanwhile, Maillard and caramelization reactions turned the SWESPs yellow-brown and produced harmful substances. In addition, different SWESPs had different effects on in vitro digestion. In brief, SWESPs prepared under different conditions have different structures and physicochemical properties, allowing the obtainment of the required polysaccharide. Our results show that squash polysaccharides prepared in different subcritical water states had good development potential and application in the food industry.

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Polysaccharides from New Zealand Native Plants: A Review of Their Structure, Properties, and Potential Applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

Functional metagenomic screening identifies an unexpected β-glucuronidase

Functional metagenomic screening identifies an unexpected β-glucuronidase

Immobilization of silver nanoparticles with gum of Moringa oleifera for effective antibacterial activities against human disease-causing bacterial species

Comprehensive Assessment of Polysaccharides Extracted from Squash by Subcritical Water under Different Conditions

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