Polysaccharides Elaborated by Pullularia pullulans. Part I. The Neutral Glucan Synthesized from Sucrose Solutions.

Bouveng, Hans O.; Kiessling, Hans; Lindberg, Bengt; McKay, James; Theander, Olof; Flood, H.

doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.16-0615

Cited by 105 publications

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“…Thus, pullulan is viewed as α-(1→6) linked polymer of maltotriose subunits. Cately and his coworkers established the occurrence of randomly distributed maltotetraose [12]. Pullulan has the safe history of use in Japan as a food ingredient and as pharmaceutical bulking agent.…”

Section: Historical Aspects Related To Pullulanmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight To Pullulan: A Biopolymer in Pharmaceutical Approaches

Kumar

Saini

Pandit

et al. 2012

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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Pullulan is a non-ionic polysaccharide obtained from fermentation of black yeast like Aureobasidium pullulans and is currently exploited in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its unique characteristics. Due to its properties like non-toxic, non-immunogenic, noncarcinogenic, non-mutagenic, pullulan is being explored for various biomedical applications viz., gene delivery, targeted drug therapy, tissue engineering, wound healing, and also being used in diagnostic applications like, perfusion, receptor, and lymph node target specific imaging and vascular compartment imaging. The unique linkage of α (1→4) and α (1→6) in pullulan endows this polymer with distinctive physical traits, including adhesive property and the ability to form fibres. This review article presents an overview of properties, production, derivatives of pullulan, and recent advances of pullulan.

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Section: Historical Aspects Related To Pullulanmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight To Pullulan: A Biopolymer in Pharmaceutical Approaches

Kumar

Saini

Pandit

et al. 2012

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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“…Additional supporting evidence for the existence of a(1 -+ 3) linkages in the polysaccharide was provided by infrared examination and also by the finding of intact glucose residues after prolonged periodate oxidation. Although Bouveng et al (4) suggested that (1 + 3) linkages might be present in the Pullularia glucan, they were unable to find supporting evidence in methylation studies. Bender et al (2) and Wallenfels et al (3) found evidence for only a ( l --t 4) and a ( 1 + 6) linkages in their polysaccharide from Pullztlaria pullulans.…”

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confidence: 76%

“…This evidence showed that the polysaccharide was homogeneous and contained no acid groups. Bouveng et al (4) found that yields of polysaccharide were increased and that formation of uronic acid and other hexose units was diminished when the organism was grown on glucose rather than other sugar substrate (except for sucrose).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…I t has been shown (2, 3) that one of the polysaccharides formed by the fungus from glucose as the carbon source is a linear glucan ("pullulan") having [a], +192" and coinposed of approximately 300 a-D-glucopyranose units linked -(1 + 4) and (1 -+ 6) in the ratio 3:2. Bouveng et al (4) have examined the polysaccharides produced by Pullularia pullulans from various sugar substrates, and have found that a sucrose medium yielded a linear glucan having [a], +190° and consisting of more than 250 units linked a ( l -+ 4) and a ( 1 -+ 6) in the ratio 2:l. A small amount (1-27,) of glucose remaining after periodate oxidation of the polysaccharide suggested that (1 -+ 3) linkages might be present, although this was not supported by methylation data. No evidence for the presence of (1 -+ 3) linkages ilT the polysaccharide produced from glucose was reported in earlier work (2,3).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Neutral Extracellular Glucan of Pullularia Pullulans (De Bary) Berkhout

Sowa¹,

Blackwood²,

Adams³

1963

Can. J. Chem.

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A B S T R A C T A neutral extracellular glucan ([a]nZ3 +18g0) was produced i n 127, yield b y Pullularia pullulans (de Bary)The yeast-like fungus Pullularia pullulans produces a mixture of glucose-containing extracellular polrsaccharides (I). I t has been shown (2, 3) that one of the polysaccharides formed by the fungus from glucose as the carbon source is a linear glucan ("pullulan") having [a], +192" and coinposed of approximately 300 a-D-glucopyranose units linked -(1 + 4) and (1 -+ 6) in the ratio 3:2. Bouveng et al. (4) have examined the polysaccharides produced by Pullularia pullulans from various sugar substrates, and have found that a sucrose medium yielded a linear glucan having [a], +190° and consisting of more than 250 units linked a ( l -+ 4) and a ( 1 -+ 6) in the ratio 2:l. A small amount (1-27,) of glucose remaining after periodate oxidation of the polysaccharide suggested that (1 -+ 3) linkages might be present, although this was not supported by methylation data. No evidence for the presence of (1 -+ 3) linkages ilT the polysaccharide produced from glucose was reported in earlier work (2, 3). The present publication reports the results obtained from partial acid hydrolysis and froin periodate oxidation of the glucan produced by Pullularia pullulans grown on glucose.The growth conditions of the organism and the method of recovery used for the preparation of the polj~saccharide in the present work favored isolation of the water-soluble glucan to the exclusion of the more insoluble jelly-like polysaccharide which adheres to the mycelium (1). The polysaccharide showed a single symmetrical peak on electrophoresis in borate and acetate buffers, gave no precipitate with Cetavlon, and showed no carboxyl absorption in its infrared spectrum. This evidence showed that the polysaccharide was homogeneous and contained no acid groups. Bouveng et al. (4) found that yields of polysaccharide were increased and that formation of uronic acid and other hexose units was diminished when the organism was grown on glucose rather than other sugar substrate (except for sucrose).Infrared spectroscopy of the polysaccharide showed strong absorption a t 850 cm-l,

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“…I t is clearly distinguished by its negative rotation from the dextrorotatory bacterial dextrans (8) and from pullulan, a glucan from the yeast-like fungus Pullularia pullulans (9). In this respect it more closely resembles the levorotatory yeast Can.…”

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confidence: 97%

The Water-Soluble Polysaccharides of Dermatophytes: Ii. A Glucan From Microsporum Quinckeanum

Alfes¹,

Bishop²,

Blank³

1963

Can. J. Chem.

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A levorotatory glucan with a minimu~n degree of polynlerization of 36 has bee11 isolated from the water-soluble polysaccharides of the dermatophyte iWicrosporztm quinckeanum.Hydrolysis of the ~nethylated glucan yielded the following 0-methyl-D-glucoses: 2,3,4,6-tetra-(10.2 moleyo) ; 2,3,4-tri-(57.7 mole%) ; 2,4,6-tri-(22.2 mole yo) ; 2,4-di-(8.2 mole%) ; and 2-mono-(1.6 mole%). The glucan consumed 1.53 moles of periodate with production of 0.70 mole of formic acid per mole anhydroglucose. Reduction and hydrolysis of the periodateoxidized glucan yielded glycerol, erythritol, and D-glucose in a molar ratio of 72.3:0.6:27.1. T h e results showed that the glucan consisted of 8-D-glucopyranose units joined in straight chains by 1 + 6 (5770) and 1 + 3 (24y0) linkages. Approximately 3 in every 37 glucose residues constitute branch points in the glucan with branches occurring a t the Cs and Cg positions of the same glucose unit. T h e glucan bears some resemblance to the yeast glucans of Saccharomyces cevevisiae and Candida albicans but differs from them in the relative number of 1 -+ 6 and 1 -, 3 linkages and in the degree of branching.I t has been shown (1) that water-soluble polysaccharides form an essential part of antigenic material from cultures of dermatophytes and are therefore of considerable i~n -munochemical importance. Preliminary examination of the polysaccharides isolated from five dermatophytes indicates that each has a similar pattern of water-soluble polysaccharides, specifically, two galactomannans and a glucan. The immediate objective of this program is to determine the main structural features of these pol\.saccharides by periodate oxidation and methylation procedures to see if they can be related t o species differences and illl~llunological properties. More detailed structural investigations are being reserved until these relationships are clear. The first paper (2) in this series described the purification and gross structural features of a galactomannan from Trichophyton granulosum Sabouraud, 1909. The present publication describes the isolation and constitution of a glucan from ~hficrosporum quinckeanum (Zopf) Guiart and Grigorakis, 1928.The polysaccharides were extracted in 4.7% yield from powdered cells of M. quinckeanum as described previously for T. granulosum (2). The product was a tan-colored powder containing significant amounts of ash and nitrogen and yielding mannose, glucose, and galactose on hydrolysis. Moving-boundary electrophoresis of this material in borate buffer (3) showed the presence of three migrating components. The mixture was separated into four fractions by chromatography on diethj7laminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose (4). The first fraction eluted from the column contained no nitrogen and no ash, yielded only glucose on hydrolysis, and gave a single symmetrical peak ( p = 3.45X1OP5 cm2/volt sec) on moving-boundary electrophoresis. The other three fractions were mixtures, two of them still containing some protein.The specific rotation of the glucan changed from -27&l0 to 53% 1.5'...

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Polysaccharides Elaborated by Pullularia pullulans. Part I. The Neutral Glucan Synthesized from Sucrose Solutions.

Cited by 105 publications

References 0 publications

An Insight To Pullulan: A Biopolymer in Pharmaceutical Approaches

An Insight To Pullulan: A Biopolymer in Pharmaceutical Approaches

Neutral Extracellular Glucan of Pullularia Pullulans (De Bary) Berkhout

The Water-Soluble Polysaccharides of Dermatophytes: Ii. A Glucan From Microsporum Quinckeanum

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