Polysaccharide‐rich hydrolysate from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (LipiGo^®) increases fatty acid and neutral sterol excretion in guinea pigs fed with hypercholesterolemic diets

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the hypolipidemic properties of a polysaccharide‐rich hydrolysate from Saccharomyces cerevisiae comprising β‐glucan‐chitin‐chitosan (BCC). Guinea pigs (n = 8 per group) were fed high‐fat and hypercholesterolemic diets (17 g/100 g of fat, 0.2 g/100 g of cholesterol), containing 12 g/100 g of either cellulose (CEL) as negative control, oat bran as a source of β‐glucan (BOB), or BCC. Food intake and body weight were monitored for 4 weeks and fatty acid (FA), neutral sterol (NS), and bile acid (BA) excretion were determined. BCC, but not BOB, reduced body weight gain and plasma total and LDL‐cholesterol, without altering food consumption. This effect correlated well with the capacity of BCC to reduce apparent FA absorption (78.36 ± 7.41 vs. 89.51 ± 3.93% in control group), mainly due to an increase of saturated fatty acid (SFA) excretion and, to a lower extent of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). NS excretion was also increased by BCC, although no effects were observed on BA excretion. Therefore, results suggest that the hypolipidemic effect of BCC can be mainly ascribed to its capacity to increase FA and NS excretion. Practical applications: This research provides evidence on the hypolipidemic effect and mechanism of action of Lipigo®, a polysaccharide‐rich hydrolysate from Saccharomyces cerevisiae comprising β‐glucan‐chitin‐chitosan (BCC). Particularly, results show that BCC can effectively increase the excretion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and neutral sterols (NS), having a beneficial effect on plasma lipids. This information can be of interest for the development of food supplements in the field of diseases associated with high fat intake such as cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Supplementation of hypercholesterolemic diets with a polysaccharide‐rich hydrolysate from Saccharomyces cerevisiae comprising β‐glucan‐chitin‐chitosan increases the excretion of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and neutral sterols compared to cellulose. This effect is consistent with a reduction in body weight gain and plasma total and LDL‐cholesterol.

Bile Acid Sequestrants for Hypercholesterolemia Treatment Using Sustainable Biopolymers: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

“…This led to the postulation that this complex may not be the best choice as an effective BAS but rather its hypocholesterolemic effect is based on its interactions with exogenous cholesterol; the excretion signaled the liver to increase LDL uptake, thereby reducing plasma concentrations of the LDL. 176 The BA scavenging activities were also reported by Huang et al 177 and Cheng et al 178 for the functionalized chitosan (CS) obtained from squid pens. The former study modified the extracted chitosan via carboxylation to yield N-carboxyethylated derivatives (N-CECSs) having different degrees of substitution (DSs).…”

“…For the in vitro adsorption test, the hydrophobic chitin (50 mg/mL) displayed better binding with BAs due to the hydrophobic interactions, leading to the aggregation of BAs/BSs on the surfaces. 175 Santas et al 176 analyzed the BA binding propensity of LipiGO in guinea pigs, where the LipiGO (30−60 wt % βglucan and 1−3 wt % N-acetyl-glucosamine) is a polysaccharide-rich hydrolysate composed of β-glucan-chitinchitosan (BCC) derived from the cell wall of Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Guinea pigs were used in the lipid metabolic study, and they were fed a high-fat diet to reduce the error associated with total fat absorbed calculations.…”

“…Although the BAs were bound with the BCC, interestingly, their excretion was not increased; instead, higher levels of fatty acids and neutral sterols were detected in the feces. This led to the postulation that this complex may not be the best choice as an effective BAS but rather its hypocholesterolemic effect is based on its interactions with exogenous cholesterol; the excretion signaled the liver to increase LDL uptake, thereby reducing plasma concentrations of the LDL …”

Effects of yeast hydrolysate on growth performance, serum parameters, carcass traits, meat quality and antioxidant status of broiler chickens

“…Besides, it has been reported that yeast culture ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) or yeast‐derived additives presented positive impacts on growth performance, carcass weight, leg yield and meat quality of pigs and broilers 11,12 . In addition, research on ruminants and rodents has demonstrated that the addition of live yeast or polysaccharide‐rich hydrolysate from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the diet decreased low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), total cholesterol (TC) and blood urea nitrogen in serum, thus regulating serum metabolism in the body 13,14 . Moreover, relevant research studies on aquatic animals have indicated that fish fed with yeast hydrolysate showed enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and catalase (CAT), but decreased concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) in the liver 5,10 .…”

“…11,12 In addition, research on ruminants and rodents has demonstrated that the addition of live yeast or polysaccharide-rich hydrolysate from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the diet decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and blood urea nitrogen in serum, thus regulating serum metabolism in the body. 13,14 Moreover, relevant research studies on aquatic animals have indicated that fish fed with yeast hydrolysate showed enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), but decreased concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) in the liver. 5,10 Park et al 15 indicated that yeast hydrolysate (YH) improved egg production and quality as well as nutrient digestibility of laying hens, and Fu et al 16 showed that YH enhanced antioxidant capacity in serum as well as the counts of beneficial bacteria in cecum of growingfinishing pigs.…”