Polysaccharide-based materials in macromolecular prodrug design and development

Abstract

This review summarises the recent efforts to engineer macromolecular prodrugs (MPDs) based on polysaccharidal materials. Polysaccharidal materials are of utmost importance to design and develop MPDs of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, anti-viral and anti-cancer drugs, etc. Covalent drug loading capabilities of the polysaccharidal materials are thoroughly discussed. In order to successfully transform drugs into prodrugs using polysaccharidal materials, present review details different syntheses strategies which are being applied to design pharmaceutically viable MPDs. Herein, we also reported the collection of polysaccharidal materials which are being widely spun in to MPDs of several classes of drugs and their applications. Merits and demerits of polysaccharide biomaterials for MPDs are critically discussed. Cellulose ether derivatives are newly introduced materials attracting the vigil eye of researchers working in MPD design for potential therapeutic applications. Special emphasis will be given to amphiphilic materials, i.e. MPDs, which self-assemble at solvent interfaces into nanorods, nanoparticles (NPs), nanowires, etc. Furthermore, the stability of MPDs at elevated conditions of temperature is discussed to gain information about their storage properties. We highlighted thrust areas in polysaccharidal materials-based research and development of MPDs.

Acetalated dextran based nano- and microparticles: synthesis, fabrication, and therapeutic applications

“…3 Recent studies have further explored its potential for drug delivery applications by chemical conjugation and functionalization, which enable dextran to have desirable physicochemical properties and stimuli-responsiveness for controlled drug release behaviour. [4][5][6][7] Acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) is one of the most investigated dextran derivatives. It was first reported by Bachelder et al in 2008, 8 synthesized by a simple one-step reaction, between dextran and 2-methoxypropene, catalysed by pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS).…”

Hydrophobically Grafted Pullulan Nanocarriers for Percutaneous Delivery: Preparation and Preliminary In Vitro Characterisation

“…NaOH converts the pullulan OH groups into alcoholates, which react via a nucleophilic substitution with the epoxide ring and, thus, facilitate the grafting of the hydrophobic alkyl chain [2-(butoxymethyl)oxirane] to the polysaccharide chain [ 38 ]. According to the literature, the attachment of the hydrophobic alkyl chain is expected to mainly take place at the C 6 primary OH group, owing to its high reactivity and reduced steric hindrance [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Antimicrobial Chitosan Conjugates: Current Synthetic Strategies and Potential Applications

“…In the past decade, there have been extensive research reports on polysaccharide conjugates, and there have been some good review articles [43,44]. However, specifically regarding antimicrobial chitosan conjugates, there are currently very few review articles.…”