Polysaccharide aggregation as a potential sink of marine dissolved organic carbon

Engel, Anja; Thoms, Silke; Riebesell, Ulf; Rochelle-Newall, Emma; Zondervan, Ingrid

doi:10.1038/nature02453

Cited by 346 publications

(323 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Observed broad spectral features around 3400 cm −1 were attributed to a 10-30 nm thin film of glycoproteins and lipids present at the air/water interface. Other indications for surface predominance of carbohydrates include measurements of polysaccharide formation during diatom bloom mesocosm experiments [Mopper et al, 1995;Harlay et al, 2009] and the presence of TEPs in the microlayer, which are mainly formed by coagulation of dissolved polysaccharides and APS [Engel et al, 2004;Wurl and Holmes, 2008;Gogou and Repeta, 2010]. Finally, carbohydrate material has been reported to be one of the principal components found in the organic mass of seaborne aerosols.…”

Section: Role Of Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing structural properties of the marine nanolayer from vibrational sum frequency generation spectra

Laß¹,

Friedrichs²

2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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Natural nanolayers originating from sea surface and subsurface water samples collected in the Baltic Sea have been investigated using surface‐sensitive vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy. Distinct spectral signatures of CH and OH bond stretch vibrations have been detected at wavenumbers ranging from 2700 to 3900 cm−1. Measured water‐air interface spectra as well as observed signal intensity trends are discussed in terms of composition and structure of the natural organic nanolayer. Reasoning was based on the comparison with reference spectra, spectral trends inferred from previous VSFG studies, reported average composition of dissolved organic matter in seawater, and simplified assumption that surfactants can be classified as soluble (wet) and insoluble (dry) surfactants. Wet surfactants have been found to be dominant, and often lipid‐like compounds form a very dense surfactant nanolayer. Supported by comparison spectra of xanthan gum solutions, the observed VSFG spectral signatures were tentatively assigned to lipopolysaccharides or other lipid‐like compounds embedded in colloidal matrices of polymeric material. In addition, VSFG spectra of a polluted harbor water sample and a water sample covered with diesel oil are reported.

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Section: Role Of Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing structural properties of the marine nanolayer from vibrational sum frequency generation spectra

Laß¹,

Friedrichs²

2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Two kinds of gel particles have been widely studied in aquatic environments: transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), which include acidic polysaccharides, and Coomassie stainable particles (CSP), which are protein-containing particles and can serve as a N source for bacteria and other organisms (Alldredge et al, 1993;Long and Azam, 1996;Passow, 2002;Engel et al, 2004). A major source of TEP and CSP in the ocean are phyto-and bacterioplankton (Alldredge et al, 1993;Long and Azam, 1996;Stoderegger and Herndl, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of wind speed on the size distribution of gel particles in the sea surface microlayer: insights from a wind–wave channel experiment

2018

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Abstract. Gel particles, such as transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and Coomassie stainable particles (CSP), are important organic components in the sea surface microlayer (SML). Here, we present results on the effect of different wind speeds on the accumulation and size distribution of TEP and CSP during a wind wave channel experiment in the Aeolotron. Total areas of TEP (TEP SML ) and CSP (CSP SML ) in the surface microlayer were exponentially related to wind speed. At wind speeds < 6 m s −1 , accumulation of TEP SML and CSP SML occurred, decreasing at wind speeds of > 8 m s −1 . Wind speeds > 8 m s −1 also significantly altered the size distribution of TEP SML in the 2-16 µm size range towards smaller sizes. The response of the CSP SML size distribution to wind speed varied through time depending on the biogenic source of gels. Wind speeds > 8 m s −1 decreased the slope of CSP SML size distribution significantly in the absence of autotrophic growth. For the slopes of TEP and CSP size distribution in the bulk water, no significant difference was observed between high and low wind speeds. Changes in spectral slopes between high and low wind speed were higher for TEP SML than for CSP SML , indicating that the impact of wind speed on size distribution of gel particles in the SML may be more pronounced for TEP than for CSP, and that CSP SML are less prone to aggregation during the low wind speeds. Addition of an E. huxleyi culture resulted in a higher contribution of submicron gels (0.4-1 µm) in the SML at higher wind speed (> 6 m s −1 ), indicating that phytoplankton growth may potentially support the emission of submicron gels with sea spray aerosol.

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“…Among dissolved C losses, of particular interest is the production of some polysaccharides that can aggregate to form sticky C-rich particles such as TEP (Passow, 2002). During mesocosm experiments with E. huxleyi, C losses due to TEP formation and settling of aggregates had a significant impact on the C budget (Engel et al, 2004;Delille et al, 2005;Joassin et al, 2008). During this cruise, the carbon content of TEP (TEP-C) averaged 12% of POC and attained 68% of POC at certain depths (Harlay et al, 2009).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemistry and carbon mass balance of a coccolithophore bloom in the northern Bay of Biscay (June 2006)

Harlay

Chou

Bodt

et al. 2011

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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a b s t r a c tPrimary production (PP), calcification (CAL), bacterial production (BP) and dark community respiration (DCR) were measured along with a set of various biogeochemical variables, in early June 2006, at several stations at the shelf break of the northern Bay of Biscay. The cruise was carried out after the main spring diatom bloom that, based on the analysis of a time-series of remotely sensed chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), peaked in mid-April. Remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST) indicated the occurrence of enhanced vertical mixing (due to internal tides) at the continental slope, while adjacent waters on the continental shelf were stratified, as confirmed by vertical profiles of temperature acquired during the cruise. The surface layer of the stratified water masses (on the continental shelf) was depleted of inorganic nutrients. Dissolved silicate (DSi) levels probably did not allow significant diatom development. We hypothesize that mixing at the continental slope allowed the injection of inorganic nutrients that triggered the blooming of mixed phytoplanktonic communities dominated by coccolithophores (Emiliania huxleyi) that were favoured with regards to diatoms due to the low DSi levels. Based on this conceptual frame, we used an indicator of vertical stratification to classify the different sampled stations, and to reconstruct the possible evolution of the bloom from the onset at the continental slope (triggered by vertical mixing) through its development as the water mass was advected on-shelf and stratified. We also established a carbon mass balance at each station by integrating in the photic layer PP, CAL and DCR. This allowed computation at each station of the contribution of PP, CAL and DCR to CO 2 fluxes in the photic layer, and how they changed from one station to another along the sequence of bloom development (as traced by the stratification indicator). This also showed a shift from net autotrophy to net heterotrophy as the water mass aged (stratified), and suggested the importance of extracellular production of carbon to sustain the bacterial demand in the photic and aphotic layers.

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Polysaccharide aggregation as a potential sink of marine dissolved organic carbon

Cited by 346 publications

References 26 publications

Revealing structural properties of the marine nanolayer from vibrational sum frequency generation spectra

Revealing structural properties of the marine nanolayer from vibrational sum frequency generation spectra

Effect of wind speed on the size distribution of gel particles in the sea surface microlayer: insights from a wind–wave channel experiment

Biogeochemistry and carbon mass balance of a coccolithophore bloom in the northern Bay of Biscay (June 2006)

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