Abstract:This paper reports on a simple and green approach to fabricate cellulose nanocrystal@polyrhodanine (CNC@PR) core-sheath nanoparticles. Polymerization of rhodanine on the surface of negatively-charged CNC was achieved using ferric chloride as the initiator and oxidant. The coating conditions were optimized by varying the ratio of CNC and monomer as well as the concentration of oxidant. Antimicrobial tests were performed using Escherichia coli (Gram negative) and Bacillus subtilis (Gram positive) as model bacter… Show more
“…Amongst different structures for antimicrobial compounds, core-sheath structure of cellulose nanoparticles with polyrhodanine was reported by Tang et al [79]. Cellulose nanoparticles with polyrhodanine (CNC@PR) showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli and B. Subtilis [79]. CNC@PR was synthesized with Fe (III) complex and ferric chloride to negatively charge the CNC surface.…”
Section: Cncs As Antimicrobial Agent Carriersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…CNC@PR was synthesized with Fe (III) complex and ferric chloride to negatively charge the CNC surface. Fe (III) was used as an initiator and oxidant for the in situ polymerization of rhodanine on CNC [77,79]. Figure 9c shows the schematic of core-shell nanoparticles of CNC coated with polyrhodanine.…”
Section: Cncs As Antimicrobial Agent Carriersmentioning
The need to transition to more sustainable and renewable technology has resulted in a focus on cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and nanocrystals (CNCs) as one of the materials of the future with potential for replacing currently used synthetic materials. Its abundance and bio-derived source make it attractive and sought after as well. CNFs and CNCs are naturally hydrophilic due to the abundance of -OH group on their surface which makes them an excellent recipient for applications in the medical industry. However, the hydrophilicity is a deterrent to many other industries, subsequently limiting their application scope. In either light, the increased rate of progress using CNCs in advanced materials applications are well underway and is becoming applicable on an industrial scale. Therefore, this review explores the current modification platforms and processes of nanocellulose directly as functional materials and as carriers/substrates of other functional materials for advanced materials applications. Niche functional attributes such as superhydrophobicity, barrier, electrical, and antimicrobial properties are reviewed due to the focus and significance of such attributes in industrial applications.
“…Amongst different structures for antimicrobial compounds, core-sheath structure of cellulose nanoparticles with polyrhodanine was reported by Tang et al [79]. Cellulose nanoparticles with polyrhodanine (CNC@PR) showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli and B. Subtilis [79]. CNC@PR was synthesized with Fe (III) complex and ferric chloride to negatively charge the CNC surface.…”
Section: Cncs As Antimicrobial Agent Carriersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…CNC@PR was synthesized with Fe (III) complex and ferric chloride to negatively charge the CNC surface. Fe (III) was used as an initiator and oxidant for the in situ polymerization of rhodanine on CNC [77,79]. Figure 9c shows the schematic of core-shell nanoparticles of CNC coated with polyrhodanine.…”
Section: Cncs As Antimicrobial Agent Carriersmentioning
The need to transition to more sustainable and renewable technology has resulted in a focus on cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and nanocrystals (CNCs) as one of the materials of the future with potential for replacing currently used synthetic materials. Its abundance and bio-derived source make it attractive and sought after as well. CNFs and CNCs are naturally hydrophilic due to the abundance of -OH group on their surface which makes them an excellent recipient for applications in the medical industry. However, the hydrophilicity is a deterrent to many other industries, subsequently limiting their application scope. In either light, the increased rate of progress using CNCs in advanced materials applications are well underway and is becoming applicable on an industrial scale. Therefore, this review explores the current modification platforms and processes of nanocellulose directly as functional materials and as carriers/substrates of other functional materials for advanced materials applications. Niche functional attributes such as superhydrophobicity, barrier, electrical, and antimicrobial properties are reviewed due to the focus and significance of such attributes in industrial applications.
“…Tang et al . also found the potential of polyrhodanine coated cellulose nanocrystals to be antimicrobial agent 33 . Figure 4 Chemical composition and morphological investigation of the CNCs.…”
Rice husks (RHs) as an agro-waste generated from rice production, while its application is limited. This study was designed to introduce a full utilization of rice husks, which extracted the phytochemical at first and then produced cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as the use of the residue. Furthermore, the phytochemicals extracted from rice husk was identified and its biological activity, including antioxidant activity, cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and antiproliferative activity, had been detected as well. Results showed the bound fraction of rice husk had higher antioxidant than common fruit and grain. Free fraction of rice husk deserved to have further analysis in antiproliferative activity due to its low cytotoxicity. The CNCs produced by residue was using delignification process and acid hydrolysis treatments. The chemical composition of the residue obtained after phytochemical extraction was determined. CNCs morphological investigation was performed using an optical microscope and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our strategy is to achieve a comprehensive utilization of rice husks with both economy and environment benefits.
“…In the Raman spectrum of GO, two dominant peaks, denoted as D band and G band, can be observed. 20,41 The peak at approximately 1720 cm À1 is assigned to the stretching vibration of C]O. 37 Compared with GO, the D and G bands of RGO are red shied to 1330 cm À1 and 1564 cm À1 , respectively, possibly because of the restored conjugated structure of graphene.…”
Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was prepared by the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) with rhodanine.During the reduction, rhodanine was converted into polyrhodanine via oxidative polymerization initiated by GO, and the RGO was subsequently decorated with polyrhodanine. The reduction process and polymerization have been verified. Rhodanine reduced GO with high efficiency. Additionally, rhodanine is polymerized during the GO reduction process. The wrapping of polyrhodanine onto RGO is also verified.Using this novel modification process, the elastomer/graphene composites were prepared by the in situ interfacial modification of elastomer/GO compounds with rhodanine during the processing. Because of the unique reactivity of polyrhodanine during curing, strong interfaces were observed to form in the resulting elastomer/RGO composites. Furthermore, because of the substantially improved interfacial adhesion, combined with the improved dispersion state, the elastomer/RGO composites exhibited significantly improved mechanical properties compared with the elastomer/GO composites. Regarding the facile process and strikingly high modification efficiency, the present work offers new insight into designing high-performance elastomer/graphene composites by combining interfacial chemistry and curing chemistry. ; Fax: +86 20 22236688; Tel: +86 20 87113374 † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Photographs of rhodanine and polyrhodanine dispersions, tensile modulus of SBR/GO and SBR/RGO composites, tan d curves of SBR/GO and SBR/RGO composites, vulcanization curves and curing data; schemes of potential accelerating mechanism, crosslink density for SBR/rhodanine compounds. See
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