Polyradiculoneuropathy in dourine-affected horses

Mungun-Ochir, Bayasgalan; Horiuchi, Noriyuki; Adilbish, Аltanchimeg; Koyama, Kenji; Suganuma, Keisuke; Uranbileg, Nyamdolgor; Watanabe, Kenichi; Purevdorj, Baatarjargal; Mizushima, Daiki; Battur, Banzragch; Yokoyama, Naoki; Battsetseg, Badgar; Inoue, Noboru; Kobayashi, Yoshiyasu

doi:10.1016/j.nmd.2019.03.005

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In peripheral neuritis of dourine-affected horses, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages infiltrated the epineurium, perineurium, and nerve bundles [10,24]. In a previous study, parasites were not histologically detected in the peripheral nerve tissues of dourine-affected horses [10]. Therefore, the nature and distribution of inflammation in peripheral nerves differed between horses and mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Infected horses manifest various clinical signs, such as edema of the external genitalia, skin plaques, and neurological signs during the long-term clinical course of 1-2 months to several years [12]. Pathological examinations of infected horses revealed that these clinical signs are caused by inflammation and edema of the genital organs, dermatitis, and peripheral polyneuritis, respectively [10,13,20,24]. However, the pathogenesis of dourine remains largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathology of female mice experimentally infected with an in vitro cultured strain of Trypanosoma equiperdum

Tanaka

Suganuma

Watanabe

et al. 2021

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Dourine, caused by infection with Trypanosoma equiperdum, is one of the trypanosomiasis in equids. The clinical course of dourine is long-term, ranging from 1-2 months to several years. Since the pathogenesis of dourine has not yet been elucidated, experimental studies using mouse infection models are needed. Although mice are not susceptible to most T. equiperdum strains, some strains can infect mice. Even in such strains, infected mice develop rapidly transient parasitemia and die within 2-8 days.Therefore, mice experimentally infected with these T. equiperdum strains are not suitable for mouse infection models to analysis the pathogenesis of dourine. A sequential method of isolating parasites from dourine-affected horses and adapting them to in vitro cultures using soft agarose media was recently developed. Various T. equiperdum strains adapted to in vitro conditions have been established using this technique. We used one of these strains, the T. equiperdum IVM-t2 strain. In the present study, T. equiperdum IVM-t2 strain inoculated mice developed periodic parasitemia during the experimental period of 60 days. Histopathologically, vaginitis and dermatitis were observed. These findings were comparable to those of dourine-affected horses. Therefore, mice infected with T. equiperdum IVM-t2 strain may be a valuable tool for pathological, immunological, and parasitological in vivo research, and will contribute to investigations on the mechanisms underlying the disease process and the host-parasite relationship.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathology of female mice experimentally infected with an in vitro cultured strain of Trypanosoma equiperdum

Tanaka

Suganuma

Watanabe

et al. 2021

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…In peripheral neuritis in dourine-affected horses, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages in ltrated the epineurium, perineurium, and within nerve bundles 6,7 . Parasites have not been histologically detected in lesions 7 . Therefore, the nature and distribution of in ammation in peripheral nerves differed between horses and mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the nature and distribution of in ammation in peripheral nerves differed between horses and mice. Peripheral neuritis in some dourine-affected horses involved axonal swelling and fragmentation, and axonal degeneration was the cause of neurological signs 7 . Although mild axonal degeneration was also observed in some infected mice, they did not exhibit neurological signs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infected horses manifest various clinical signs, such as edema of the external genitalia, skin plaques, and neurological signs 5 . Pathological examinations of infected horses revealed that these clinical signs are caused by in ammation and edema of the genital organs, dermatitis, and peripheral polyneuritis, respectively [6][7][8][9] . However, the pathogenesis of dourine remains largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Establishment of a Chronic Trypanosoma Equiperdum Infection Model in Mice

Tanaka

Suganuma

Watanabe

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Dourine, caused by chronic infection with Trypanosoma equiperdum, is one of the African trypanosomiasis in equids. Since the pathogenesis of dourine has not yet been elucidated, experimental studies using mouse infection models are needed. However, mice cannot be infected with most T. equiperdum strains or rapidly develop parasitemia if infection is established and die within a few days. A sequential method of isolating parasites from dourine-affected horses and adapting them to in vitro cultures using soft agarose media was recently developed. Various T. equiperdum strains adapted to in vitro conditions have since been established using this technique. We used one of these strains, the T. equiperdum IVM-t2 strain. In the present study, we inoculated mice with the IVM-t2 strain and successfully produced a chronic infection model in mice. In the clinical examination, periodic parasitemia and skin plaques, which are characteristic clinical signs of dourine-affected horses, were observed. A histopathological examination revealed that some of the lesions observed in infected horses, such as vaginitis, trypanosomal sand, and peripheral neuritis, were reproduced in mice. This mouse model will be a valuable tool for pathological, immunological, and parasitological in vivo research, and will contribute to investigations on the mechanisms underlying the disease process and the host-protozoa relationship.

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