Polypyrrole nanocomposites as promising gas/vapour sensing materials: Past, present and future prospects

Conductometric Sensor Based on Electropolymerized Pyrrole-Tailed Ionic Liquids for Acetone Detection

“…These sensors generally operate at room temperature (≥300 °C). Conducting polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline, which are easily synthesized and can operate at room temperature, have also been used as acetone-sensing materials. , The influence of the deposition method on PPy-based acetone sensor properties (chemical oxidation casting, chemical vapor deposition, impregnated oxidation) has been studied by Do et al They found that, in the presence of acetone, the sensors behave differently with acetone acting either as an oxidant or a reducing agent, thus leading to an increase or a decrease of conductivity. The response ( t res ) and recovery times ( t rec ) of their sensors were in the range of 0.5–18 and 2–30 min, respectively.…”

Electrorheological and magnetorheological properties of liquid composites based on polypyrrole nanotubes/magnetite nanoparticles

“…The field of smart materials and structures is experiencing rapid advancements, heralding a new era in material science with a focus on the development and application of magnetic multifunctional composites [1][2][3][4]. At the heart of this evolution is the integration of magnetic composites with conductive polymers, notably polypyrrole (PPy), which has gained prominence due to its unique properties and applications [5][6][7][8][9][10]. These composites, characterized by nano to micrometer-sized PPy particles embedded in various matrices, are attracting considerable attention for their dynamic synergy.…”

“…This synergy, particularly between electrical conductivity and magnetorheological properties, opens up a wide range of potential applications. These applications span from advanced sensing technologies [10][11][12] and dynamic actuation systems [13,14] to cutting-edge energy storage solutions [15,16]. The ability to harness the unique electric and magnetic interactions within these composites holds the potential to bring transformative changes to diverse technological fields.…”

“…This unique feature is attributable to the specific nature of the embedded microparticles, which react to magnetic field variations, thereby transforming the physical properties of the composite. This adaptability and responsiveness to external stimuli are crucial characteristics that open up new possibilities in the development of adaptive and responsive material systems [10,29]. Such duality in response mechanisms significantly emphasizes the potential of PPy-based composites, paving the way for their application in a broad spectrum of advanced smart materials.…”

Polypyrrole–Tungsten Oxide Nanocomposite Fabrication through Laser-Based Techniques for an Ammonia Sensor: Achieving Room Temperature Operation

“…In particular, we focus on applying laser-based methods for the synthesis of nanocomposites of PPy and WO 3 . Although there are numerous publications which demonstrate the fabrication of gas sensors with PPy and WO 3 nanocomposites [ 24 ], there are still many challenges to overcome, such as the low adherence of the materials to the substrate, tuning of the energy barrier at the electrode–active material interface for easy charge transport, etc. Thus, we use laser methods, i.e., pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) [ 25 ] and matrix-assisted pulsed-laser evaporation (MAPLE) [ 26 ] to process different types of materials, both organic and inorganic, into layers with controlled thickness, structure, and topography onto metallic electrodes.…”