Polypyrrole Films with Micro/Nanosphere Shapes for Electrodes of High-Performance Supercapacitors

Abstract

We demonstrate a simple and efficient one-step procedure for synthesizing a solid state polypyrrole (PPy) thin film for supercapacitor applications using alternating current impedance spectroscopy. By controlling the frequency and amplitude we were able to create unique PPy nano/microstructures with a particular morphology of the loop. Our PPy micro/nanosphere shows extremely high capacitance of 568 F/g, which is close to the theoretical value of 620 F/g and 20-100% higher than that of other reported PPy electrodes. Most of all, this material presents high capacitance and significantly improved electrochemical stability without pulverization of its structure, demonstrating 77% retention of the capacitance value even after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles. These results are a consequence of the larger surface area and adequate porosity generated due to the balance between the nano/micro PPy loops. This created porous structure also allows the favored penetration of electrolyte and high ion mobility within the polymer and prevents the mechanical failure of the physical structure during volume variation associated with the insertion/deinsertion of ions upon cycling.

Polypyrrole/Carbon Nanotube Freestanding Electrode with Excellent Electrochemical Properties for High-Performance All-Solid-State Supercapacitors

“…Compared with their bulk counterparts, nanostructured forms of PPy ( e.g. , nanospheres, ,, nanosheets, nanorods/tubes/wires, ,− and nanobrushes) can have significantly greater effective surface areas and porosities that, in turn, result in greater use of active materials by shortening the diffusion path for ions to maximize electrolyte exposure. , The morphologies and thereby the subsequent electrochemical property of the PPy nanostructures are highly related to the synthetic methods used for their preparation. Such nanoscale PPy structures are commonly prepared using chemical oxidative polymerization, ,,, vapor phase polymerization, , electropolymerization, and interfacial polymerization ,,, in the presence of hard or soft templates to fine-tune the final morphologies.…”

A SnO2QDs/GO/PPY ternary composite film as positive and graphene oxide/charcoal as negative electrodes assembled solid state asymmetric supercapacitor for high energy storage applications

“…The GO/PPY 66 composite electrode exhibits the highest C sp of 481 F g À1 , PPy/FeCoS-rGO/rGO 67 asymmetric device exhibits a specic capacitance of 94 F g À1 and an energy density of 28 W h kg À1 at a power density of 810 W kg À1 , NiCo 2 S 4 @PPy/NF//AC device 68 exhibits a high energy density of 34 W h kg À1 at a power density of 120 W kg À1 with 80.64% of the retention, RGO/PPY 69 lms achieved the C sp of 361 F g À1 and exhibited 80% of retention for 5000 cycles. MnO 2 @PANI//MnO 2 @PANI 70 asymmetric supercapacitor showed higher energy density of 37 W h kg À1 , PPY micro/nanosphere 71 showed high capacitance of 568 F g À1 , demonstrating 77% retention of the capacitance. The observed results suggested that SnO 2 QDs/GO/PPY ternary composite electrodes are favorable for high-performance solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor applications.…”

Interface-assisted synthesis: a gateway to effective nanostructure tuning of conducting polymers

“…10,20,56,57 Electrochemical polymerization serves as the most ideal method for the synthesis of CP lms with good yield and electronic properties. 38,49 Onedimensional (1-D) CP nanostructures with high aspect ratios are widely synthesized using hard templates, such as porous alumina lm, zeolites and anodic aluminum oxide. Growing the CP tubes or wires inside the pores or channels of these membranes is a widely accepted synthesis strategy.…”