Polypyrrole/carbon nanotube supercapacitors: Technological advances and challenges

Afzal, Adeel; Abuilaiwi, Faraj Ahmad; Habib, Amir; Awais, Muhammad; Waje, Samaila Bawa; Atieh, Muataz Ali

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.03.128

Cited by 234 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Recent development of nanofiller/conducting polymer composite for energy storage is provided in Table 4. 309 . The functionalisation can be performed on the nanofiller improving the adsorption and dispersion of monomers on the surface of the filler 298,303 .…”

Section: Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer nanocomposites having a high filler content: synthesis, structures, properties, and applications

et al. 2019

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The recent development of nanoscale fillers, such as carbon nanotube, graphene, and nanocellulose, allows the functionality of polymer nanocomposites to be controlled and enhanced. However, conventional synthesis methods of polymer nanocomposites cannot maximise the reinforcement of these nanofillers at high filler content. Approaches to the synthesis of high content filler polymer nanocomposites are suggested to facilitate future applications. The fabrication methods address design of the polymer nanocomposite architecture, which encompass one, two, and three dimensional morphology. Factors that hamper the reinforcement of nanostructures, such as alignment, dispersion of filler as well as interfacial bonding between filler and polymer are outlined. Using suitable approaches, maximum potential reinforcement of nanoscale filler can be anticipated without limitations in orientation, dispersion, and the integrity of the filler particle-matrix interface. High filler content polymer composites containing emerging materials such as 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) are expected in the future.Graphical abstract: Approaches to the synthesis of high filler content polymer composites

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Section: Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer nanocomposites having a high filler content: synthesis, structures, properties, and applications

et al. 2019

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“…100-10,000 S m -1 ), polypyrrole (PPy) is one of the most studied electronic conducting polymers. [64][65][66] PPy films can be obtained by chemical or electrochemical polymerization, and the properties of the resulting films depend on synthesis parameters such as concentration, substrate, dopant, oxidant, current, and potential, among others. Moreover, PPy films with distinct properties can be achieved through the synthesis of PPy films in the composite form.…”

Section: Polypyrrole (Ppy)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Systems for Renewable Energy Conversion from Salinity and Proton Gradients

Morais¹,

Lima²,

Gomes³

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Ever-rising energy demand, fossil fuel dependence, and climate issues have harmful consequences to the society. Exploring clean and renewable energy to diversify the world energy matrix has become an urgent matter. Less explored or unexplored renewable energy sources like the salinity and proton gradient energy are an attractive alternative with great energy potential. This paper discusses important electrochemical systems for energy conversion from natural and artificial concentration gradients, namely capacitive mixing (CapMix), mixing entropy batteries (MEB), and neutralization batteries (NB); the working principle and thermodynamic formalism of these systems; and the materials employed in the assembly of these systems.

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“…Hence,s olvated ions may not be accessible to graphene sheets located within the aggregates and this could substantially decrease the active surface area. [24] Hence,due to this sluggish ion diffusion, the specific capacitance of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) canbel imiteda th igh current densities. [22,23] Although CNTsh ave ah igh effective surface area,i t is actively unfavorable for electrolyte ion diffusion into the inner walls of the CNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22,23] Although CNTsh ave ah igh effective surface area,i t is actively unfavorable for electrolyte ion diffusion into the inner walls of the CNTs. [24] Hence,due to this sluggish ion diffusion, the specific capacitance of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) canbel imiteda th igh current densities. [25] To overcomet his limitation, we followed an approach to open only af ew outer layers of the MWCNTs without disturbing the inner CNT core, to allow access of the inner walls of the MWCNTst oe lectrolyte ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Partially Exfoliated Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes Wrapped with Hierarchical Porous Carbon in Electrolytes

et al. 2018

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The preparation of highly conductive, high-surface-area, heteroatom-doped, porous carbon nanocomposite materials with enhanced electrochemical performance for sustainable energy-storage technologies, such as supercapacitors, is challenging. Herein, a route for the large-scale synthesis of nitrogen-doped porous carbon wrapped partially exfoliated carbon nanotubes (N-PPECNTs) with an interconnected hierarchical porous structure, as an advanced electrode material that can realize several potential applications for energy storage, is presented. Polypyrrole conductive polymer acts as both nitrogen and carbon sources that contribute to the pseudocapacitance. Partially exfoliated carbon nanotubes (PECNTs) provide a high specific surface area for ion and charge transportation and act as a conductive matrix. The derived porous N-PPECNT displays a nitrogen content of 6.95 at %, with a specific surface area of 2050 m g , and pore volume of 1.13 cm g . N-PPECNTs, as an electrode material for supercapacitors, exhibit an excellent specific capacitance of 781 F g at 2 A g , with a high cycling stability of 95.3 % over 10 000 cycles. Furthermore, the symmetric supercapacitor exhibits remarkable energy densities as high as 172.8, 62.7, and 53.55 Wh kg in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([BMIM][TFSI]), organic, and aqueous electrolytes, respectively. Also, biocompatible hydrogel and polymer gel electrolyte based, stable, flexible supercapacitors with excellent electrochemical performance could be demonstrated.

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Polypyrrole/carbon nanotube supercapacitors: Technological advances and challenges

Cited by 234 publications

References 140 publications

Polymer nanocomposites having a high filler content: synthesis, structures, properties, and applications

Polymer nanocomposites having a high filler content: synthesis, structures, properties, and applications

Electrochemical Systems for Renewable Energy Conversion from Salinity and Proton Gradients

Performance of Partially Exfoliated Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes Wrapped with Hierarchical Porous Carbon in Electrolytes

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