Polypyrrole capacitance characteristics with different doping ions and thicknesses

Abstract

Polypyrrole films doped with Cl, SO and 4-toluene sulfonic ions (PPy/Cl, PPy/SO, PPy/Ts) with different polymerization charges were prepared by electrochemical polymerization. PPy/Ts films exhibited good electrochemical properties when their polymerization charges were 0.5 C cm and 1 C cm. However, PPy/Cl and PPy/SO films exhibited markedly larger specific capacitance than those of PPy/Ts films when their polymerization charges increased to 2 C cm or 4 C cm. A simple model was suggested for explaining the relation between the electrochemical properties and thickness of the PPy films. According to the model, the incremental polymerization bulk of PPy/Ts films from 1 C cm to 2 C cm is "inactive", which resulted in the reduction of the specific capacitance by half. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that PPy/Ts films possessed a more ordered structure, which limited ion diffusion in the PPy matrix. Therefore, the high crystallinity of the PPy film does not always mean good capacitance properties. In the cycle stability test, the PPy/Ts film exhibited better stability, which should be closely related to its more ordered structure. It is noteworthy that we present a newly developed method to estimate the appropriate thickness of electrode materials, which is significant in the preparation of energy-storage devices.

An Electrochemical Desalination Cell Based On Conducting Polymers

“…The charge used for ion exchange cannot be calculated from these curves because the total charge during the reaction has two major contributions, namely the faradaic reactions and the double layer charging which cannot be easily resolved (17,18) . Better estimates of ion exchange capacities can be obtained by comparing the conductivity of the contacting solutions at the beginning and the end of the reaction.…”

Fabrication of ZnO‐functionalized polypyrrole microcomposite as a protective coating to enhance anticorrosion performance of low carbon mild steel

“…Macromolecules such as conducting polymers have been studied extensively due to their nontoxic nature, high thermal stability, low production cost, ease of synthesis, and chemical stability in electrolytic solution and are environmentally safe . Polymer‐inorganic composites formulated by blending organic polymer with inorganic compounds are important as their optical, electrical, and optoelectronic properties can be tuned arising from the synergy between the properties of each of the components .…”

“…Macromolecules such as conducting polymers have been studied extensively due to their nontoxic nature, high thermal stability, low production cost, ease of synthesis, and chemical stability in electrolytic solution and are environmentally safe. [1][2][3][4][5] Polymer-inorganic composites formulated by blending organic polymer with inorganic compounds are important as their optical, electrical, and optoelectronic properties can be tuned arising from the synergy between the properties of each of the components. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Among various conducting polymers, polypyrrole is one of the most investigated polymer and has attracted much interest in supercapacitors, electrode, rechargeable batteries, sensors, fuel cell electrode, electrochemical capacitors, actuators, electrochromic devices, varistors, and corrosion resistant materials due to its attractive properties namely relatively good environmental stability, low cost, high conductivity, and ease in preparation.…”

Synthesis of a TEMPO-Substituted Polyacrylamide Bearing a Sulfonate Sodium Pendant and Its Properties in an Organic Radical Battery

“…such as nitroxide, phenoxyl, and galvinoxyl radicals. Due to the fact that radical polymers are completely amorphous and lack π-conjugation, charge transport occurs locally and through a reversible oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction mechanism, the radical polymers are expected to become a new generation of electrode materials [11,12].As a typical radical polymer, poly(4-acrylamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-nitroxyl radical) (PTAm) indicates that it can be used as a novel, metal-free cathode material or long-period rechargeable devices [13,14]. Moreover, the stable amphoteric nitroxide block copolymers which were synthesized by block copolymerization were promising to be used as the EPR probes for bioimaging in vivo [15].…”

“…such as nitroxide, phenoxyl, and galvinoxyl radicals. Due to the fact that radical polymers are completely amorphous and lack π-conjugation, charge transport occurs locally and through a reversible oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction mechanism, the radical polymers are expected to become a new generation of electrode materials [11,12].…”