Polypropylene: Now Available without Chain Ends

Niu, Weijia; Gonsales, Stella A.; Kubo, Tomohiro; Bentz, Kyle C.; Pal, Digvijayee; Savin, Daniel A.; Sumerlin, Brent S.; Veige, Adam S.

doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2018.12.005

Cited by 56 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[85] Globally, PPs have a production rate of around 55-56 million tons per annum. [86,87] In most cases, the scrap produced in the product manufacturing units is directly recycled back to the system in certain percentages with the virgin polymer, in a way to maintain the same quality of the end-products. In addition, injection molding is a process that can recycle defective PP products or PP waste to produce useful plastic products.…”

Section: Polypropylenementioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Approach Towards Plastic Waste Valorization: Challenges and Promising Chemical Upcycling Possibilities

et al. 2021

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Plastic waste, which is one of the major sources of pollution in the landfills and oceans, has raised global concern, primarily due to the huge production rate, high durability, and the lack of utilization of the available waste management techniques. Recycling methods are preferable to reduce the impact of plastic pollution to some extent. However, most of the recycling techniques are associated with different drawbacks, high cost and downgrading of product quality being among the notable ones. The sustainable option here is to upcycle the plastic waste to create high-value materials to compensate for the cost of production. Several upcycling techniques are constantly being investigated and explored, which is currently the only economical option to resolve the plastic waste issue. This Review provides a comprehensive insight on the promising chemical routes available for upcycling of the most widely used plastic and mixed plastic wastes. The challenges inherent to these processes, the recent advances, and the significant role of the science and research community in resolving these issues are further emphasized.

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Section: Polypropylenementioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Approach Towards Plastic Waste Valorization: Challenges and Promising Chemical Upcycling Possibilities

et al. 2021

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“…[5] Inherited from their endless molecular topology, cyclic polymers exhibit intriguing properties such as higher thermostability, slower degradation rate, lower viscosity and smaller hydrodynamic volume in comparison to their linear counterparts. [6] Typically, the synthetic methodology of cyclic polymers can be classified into two main families, namely the ringexpansion (RE) and ring-closure (RC) techniques. [7] Among them, the RC ones are most widely exploited due to their straightforward design principles, ideal control over molecular weights and numerous structural diversities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cobalt‐Mediated Switchable Catalysis for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers

et al. 2021

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A cobalt salen pentenoate complex [salen = (R,R)-N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tertbutylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine] is rationally designed as the catalyst for the ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of epoxides/anhydrides/CO 2 . Via migratory insertion of carbon monoxide (CO) into the Co À O bonds, the ROCOP-active species a-alkene-w-O-Co III (salen) can be rapidly and quantitatively transformed into a-alkene-w-O 2 C-Co III (salen) telechelic linear precursors. Upon dilution of reaction mixtures, the homolytic cleavage of CoÀC bonds induced by visible light generates a-alkene acyl radicals that spontaneously undergo intramolecular radical addition to afford organocobalt-functionalized cyclic polyesters and CO 2 -based polycarbonates with excellent regioselectivity. The cyclic products can either react with radical scavengers to generate metal-free cyclic polymers or serve as photo-initiators for organometallic-mediated radical polymerization (OMRP) to produce tadpole-shaped copolymers.

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“…Since the discovery of the Ziegler–Natta catalyst in 1954, polypropylene has been commercially produced on a large scale worldwide and its production volume is increasing each year. Currently, PP has become one of the most essential thermoplastics in daily application [ 1 , 2 ]. This is not surprising, since besides its favorable price, PP has superior properties such as high toughness, good impact/rigidity profile, high tensile strength, good flexibility, low density, and good chemical and heat resistance compared to other thermoplastic materials [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, PP has become one of the most essential thermoplastics in daily application [ 1 , 2 ]. This is not surprising, since besides its favorable price, PP has superior properties such as high toughness, good impact/rigidity profile, high tensile strength, good flexibility, low density, and good chemical and heat resistance compared to other thermoplastic materials [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Therefore, PP has found a wide range of applications in automotives, textiles, household products, medical applications, packaging, and adhesives (the latter especially for atactic PP) [ 1 , 3 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Linking of Polypropylene via the Diels–Alder Reaction

et al. 2022

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In this work, the possibility of preparing cross-linked polypropylene (PP) via Diels–Alder (DA) chemistry is explored. The overall strategy involves reaction of maleated polypropylene (the starting material), furfuryl amine (FFA), and bismaleimide (BM) as the cross-linking agent. The occurrence of reversible cross-linking was studied by checking the presence of relevant peaks in FTIR spectra, i.e., CH out-of-plane bending vibrations of the furan ring’s peak (γCH) at an absorption band of 730–734 cm−1, CH=CH of the BM aromatic ring’s stretching vibrations (υCH=CH) at an absorption band of 1510 cm−1, and the DA adduct (C-O-C, δDAring) at an absorption band of 1186 cm−1. In agreement with the spectroscopic characterization, the presence of a cross-linked network is also confirmed by rheology, namely the higher storage modulus (G′) compared with loss modulus (G″) value (G′ >> G″), as obtained via temperature sweep. Both the maleic anhydride (MA) content as well as the annealing temperature (50 °C and 120 °C) favor the DA reaction, while only partial de-cross-linking (retro DA) is observed at the higher temperature range of 150–200 °C. In addition, the products show higher mechanical robustness and thermal stability compared to the starting material.

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Polypropylene: Now Available without Chain Ends

Cited by 56 publications

References 25 publications

Strategic Approach Towards Plastic Waste Valorization: Challenges and Promising Chemical Upcycling Possibilities

Strategic Approach Towards Plastic Waste Valorization: Challenges and Promising Chemical Upcycling Possibilities

Cobalt‐Mediated Switchable Catalysis for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers

Cross-Linking of Polypropylene via the Diels–Alder Reaction

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