Polyploidy in Crop Improvement and Evolution

Bharadwaj, D. N.

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2286-6_24

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The seed that does not meet the normal development are generally aborted or may be underdeveloped. In order to break these barriers in hybridization, ploidy levels of one or both parents are manipulated to match before the hybridization [84]. Chrysanthemum, Dendranthema indicum var.…”

Section: Induction Of Polyploidymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is expected that the doubling of the cell genome will double the nucleus volume, but it only increases up to 1.6 fold in the nuclear envelope surface, which can disrupt the balance between the chromosome and nuclear components. This imbalance can cause various abnormalities during mitosis and meiosis [11,84,85]. It can also affect cell physiology (metabolism), regulation of gene expression and gene stability [86].…”

Section: Disadvantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on Colchicine Induced Chromosome Doubling for Enhancement of Quality Traits in Ornamental Plants

Manzoor

Ahmad

Bashir

et al. 2019

Plants

131

118

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Polyploidy has the utmost importance in horticulture for the development of new ornamental varieties with desirable morphological traits referring to plant size and vigor, leaf thickness, larger flowers with thicker petals, intense color of leaves and flowers, long lasting flowers, compactness, dwarfness and restored fertility. Polyploidy may occur naturally due to the formation of unreduced gametes or can be artificially induced by doubling the number of chromosomes in somatic cells. Usually, natural polyploid plants are unavailable, so polyploidy is induced synthetically with the help of mitotic inhibitors. Colchicine is a widely used mitotic inhibitor for the induction of polyploidy in plants during their cell division by inhibiting the chromosome segregation. Different plant organs like seeds, apical meristems, flower buds, and roots can be used to induce polyploidy through many application methods such as dipping/soaking, dropping or cotton wool. Flow cytometry and chromosome counting, with an observation of morphological and physiological traits are routine procedures for the determination of ploidy level in plants.

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Section: Induction Of Polyploidymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disadvantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Colchicine Induced Chromosome Doubling for Enhancement of Quality Traits in Ornamental Plants

Manzoor

Ahmad

Bashir

et al. 2019

Plants

131

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The evaluated nuclear DNA contents / ploidy levels as well as stomata and leaf size are the additional descriptors of Prunus rootstock genotypes that can be useful for identifying genotypes. In addition, it is well known that polyploids with an odd number of chromosome sets, e.g., triploids or pentaploids, are low-fertile or infertile (Bharadwaj, 2015). Therefore, the knowledge about the ploidy level of a given Prunus genotype can be useful for planning breeding programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear DNA content and phenotypic traits of the Prunus rootstocks from Poland’s gene resources

Podwyszyńska

Sitarek

Marasek-Ciołakowska

et al. 2020

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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The ploidy level can be useful in evaluating reproductive and somatic compatibility, an important parameter in scion and rootstock breeding programs. Evaluation of nuclear DNA content was performed in order to determine ploidy level of 31 rootstocks of genus Prunus for plum, sour cherry and sweet cherry. In the first stage of the research, the conditions of flow cytometry analysis with application of propidium iodide for DNA staining were optimized. Repeatable results and relatively good-quality histograms were obtained using Partec extraction buffer with 1% PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) addition, with incubation time from 50 to 90 min. The best internal standard for flow cytometry analysis proved to be tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) 2C = 1.96 pg for rootstocks with a nuclear DNA content from 0.55 to 1.64 pg, and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) 2.50 pg for rootstocks with a larger nuclear DNA contents from 1.8 to 2.3 pg. In five plum rootstocks, 2C values ranged from 0.61 to 0.67 pg indicating their diploid chromosome number. One rootstock was identified as tetraploid (2C = 1.34 pg), and four rootstocks as hexaploids owing to their DNA contents from 2.07 to 2.23 pg. One rootstock was considered a pentaploid due to its 2C value of 1.64 pg which was approximately two and a half times more than in diploid Prunus sp. In nine cherry rootstocks, 2C DNA values ranged from 0.74 to 0.86 pg indicating their diploid chromosome number. Nine cherry rootstocks were identified as triploids with their 2C DNA contents from 1.03 to 1.24 pg. Two cherry rootstocks were considered as tetraploids having 2C DNA of 1.39 pg. The ploidy level of cherry and plum rootstocks was evaluated in relation to morphological and agronomic traits. The tendency to increase the size of stomata and leaves along with an increase in the ploidy level was observed within Prunus rootstock genotypes; however, the correlations between these traits were not so evident. Therefore, stomata and leaf size cannot be considered as a morphological marker indicating ploidy level. The evaluated nuclear DNA contents / ploidy levels as well as stomata and leaf size are the additional descriptors of Prunus rootstocks that can be useful for identifying genotypes.Please use the following format when citing the article: Podwyszyńska M., Sitarek M., Marasek-Ciołakowska A., Kowalska U. 2020. Nuclear DNA content and phenotypic traits of the Prunus rootstocks from Poland's gene resources. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 107 (1): 71-78.

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“…Polyploidy usually occurs from one generation to another and it results from variation that alters the number of chromosomes in the cells. Different methods describe the origin of polyploidy but they mainly occur due to doubling of somatic cells in mitosis, non-reduction in meiosis yielding gametes that are unreduced, polyspermy and endo-replication (Bharadwaj, 2015). Due to increase in number of chromosomes of related gene dose in polyploids, the gene expression and some secondary metabolites production can be enhanced, thus, boosting host plant resistance mechanisms.…”

Section: Haploid and Polyploid Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By applying polyploidy, one can produce allopolyploids from parent plants having multiple endogenic chemicals of protection and secondary metabolites which usually provide all metabolites and biocatalysts of the two fused parent plants, thus, successfully promoting the resistance to pest characteristic (resistance thus is more in horizontal form). This strategy can also strengthen tolerance to specific stresses of the environment (Bharadwaj, 2015).…”

Section: Haploid and Polyploid Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of molecular and biotechnological techniques in plant disease management: A review

Dayou¹,

Mwangi²,

Egesa³

et al. 2018

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Plant diseases are a major challenge in crop production. They are caused by nematodes, bacteria, fungi, viruses as well as plant nutritional factors. Diseases interfere with the normal physiological and metabolic processes of plants. This results in various effects including wilting, stunting, yellowing and death of plant tissues and organs. Crop losses due to diseases manifest in form of reduced yield, poor quality produce, and reduced post-harvest storage. Past research has brought to the limelight the continuous capacity of pathogens to revert to new pathotypes and strains, some that break resistant varieties or are less sensitive to chemical control products. Currently, farmers are advised to combine several plant disease management practices, a strategy known as integrated plant disease management. Such strategies include crop rotation, use of disease free planting materials, field sanitation, and chemical methods as well as use of resistant varieties. However, some of these methods are expensive and substantially increase the cost of production. Development in molecular biology and biotechnology found application in plant disease management. This ranges from identification, diagnosis to control through gene transfer, mutation breeding and RNA interference, among others. In this paper, the current developments in the application of molecular techniques and biotechnology to manage plant diseases, outlining their possible future application and potential for enhanced plant disease management.

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Polyploidy in Crop Improvement and Evolution

Cited by 22 publications

References 64 publications

Studies on Colchicine Induced Chromosome Doubling for Enhancement of Quality Traits in Ornamental Plants

Studies on Colchicine Induced Chromosome Doubling for Enhancement of Quality Traits in Ornamental Plants

Nuclear DNA content and phenotypic traits of the Prunus rootstocks from Poland’s gene resources

Application of molecular and biotechnological techniques in plant disease management: A review

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