Polyploidy and zinc oxide nanoparticles alleviated Cd toxicity in rice by modulating oxidative stress and expression levels of sucrose and metal-transporter genes

Foliar Application of Nanoparticles Reduced Cadmium Content in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grains via Long-Distance “Leaf–Root–Microorganism” Regulation

“…There was no noticeable negative effect on wheat plant growth indicators when four NPs were sprayed, such as plant height, dry weight of shoot, and grain yield, among others (Figure S2 and Table S3). Antioxidant activities and photosynthesis of wheat were increased compared to control (Figures S3 and S4), consistent with previous studies. , Specifically, the grain yield of the SeNPs-H treatment was significantly ( p < 0.05) increased by 33.9%, compared to the control, while a significant ( p < 0.05) increase of 27.5% was observed for the SiO 2 NPs-M treatment (Table S3).…”

“…14 Foliar application of nanoenzymes and non-nanoenzymes both enhance plant growth and yield, as well as boost plant resilience to diverse stressors. 17 The following mechanisms underlying reduced Cd toxicity by NPs in plants have been proposed: (1) increasing photosynthesis and crop biomass for biological dilution to reduce Cd toxicity; 12,24 (2) boosting plant antioxidant activity; 12,25,26 (3) the retention of Cd in the cell wall and vacuole; 11,27 and (4) altering expression of Cd-related transporters such as TaTM20, TaHMA3, and TaNramp5. 6,13 A recent study found that foliarapplied ZnONPs combined with MgONPs or Fe 3 O 4 NPs significantly boosted the grain yield, while ZnONPs combined with MnO 2 NPs, CuO NPs, Fe 3 O 4 NPs, or Fe 2 O 3 NPs remarkably reduced Cd concentration in wheat grains.…”

“…Nevertheless, the types of NPs, plant species, and application stages are key factors affecting the effectiveness of NPs in reducing Cd uptake in plants . Beneficial effects of trace element NPs such as zinc (Zn)-NPs, selenium (Se)-NPs, silicon (Si)-NPs, and manganese (Mn)-NPs in reducing Cd stress in plants, decreasing grain Cd concentration, and boosting trace essential element concentration in grains have been reported. ,,− However, the types and exposure levels of NPs have not received adequate attention. It is necessary to further clarify the effects of the aforementioned circumstances on the mechanism of action of NPs and plants in order to understand the effectiveness of NPs in inhibiting Cd contamination.…”

A critical review on the toxicity regulation and ecological risks of zinc oxide nanoparticles to plants

“…42 Interestingly, ZnO NPs acted as modifiers to alleviate the metabolic disorders and metal toxicity induced by Cd and improved plant physiology under heavy metal stress. 43 In contrast, the adsorption of ZnO NPs on natural crystals in the aquatic environment could produce combined toxicity, exacerbating nutrient imbalance, biomolecular degradation, and protein folding in phytoplankton. 44 These uncertain ecological risks raise a major challenge to the protection of plant health.…”

Toxicity and tolerance mechanism of binary zinc oxide nanoparticles and tetrabromobisphenol A regulated by humic acid in Chlorella vulgaris

“…Following the widespread production and application of nanomaterials, 1 nanoparticles (NPs) are constantly being released into the environment, 2,3 where they may interact with pollutants present in the environment. 4,5 Currently, most studies on NPs are focusing on single substance exposure, 6 while the exploration of the combined toxicity of NPs and environmental contaminants has gradually acquired more attention, 7 and the potential toxicity mechanisms of these contaminants need to be further conrmed. It has been shown that the formation of NP contamination complexes can affect environmental behaviors and interactions with organisms.…”