Polyploid giant cancer cell characterization: New frontiers in predicting response to chemotherapy in breast cancer

Macrophage secretory IL-1β promotes docetaxel resistance in head and neck squamous carcinoma via SOD2/CAT-ICAM1 signaling

“…PGCCs are posited to have prominent roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, therapeutic repopulation, and treatment resistance ( 32 , 52 ). Although digital pathology and artificial intelligence–assisted methods may help identify PGCCs in clinical specimens, a lack of reliable PGCC biomarkers has limited the development of effective identification and elimination strategies ( 53 ). The potentially novel function of ICAM1 in promoting PGCC formation may shed light on the biological mechanisms underlying PGCC development and serve as a potential target for PGCC eradication.…”

When Mechanical Stress Matters: Generation of Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells in Tumor-like Microcapsules

“…[1][2][3][4] Within heterogeneous cell types already described in breast cancer pathologies, polynucleated cells have attracted the attention of researchers working in this field. [5][6][7][8][9][10] These are characterized by their larger spreading area and higher number of nuclei with respect to healthy cells, or even to other cancer cells found in the same milieu. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] As already reported in vivo, polynucleated cells can spontaneously develop inside tumors by different mechanisms, including cell-in-cell growth or cannibalism (also known as cell-eatcell), [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] as well as by cell-cell fusion or disrupted cytokinesis.…”

“…[5][6][7][8][9][10] These are characterized by their larger spreading area and higher number of nuclei with respect to healthy cells, or even to other cancer cells found in the same milieu. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] As already reported in vivo, polynucleated cells can spontaneously develop inside tumors by different mechanisms, including cell-in-cell growth or cannibalism (also known as cell-eatcell), [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] as well as by cell-cell fusion or disrupted cytokinesis. [2,3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] These mechanisms mostly differ in the way how polynucleated cells are generated: while cell-in-cell or celleat-cell are characterized by the existence of a cell endocyted by another one (enabling their growth or even proliferation inside the host cell), the processes of cell-cell fusion or incomplete cytokinesis are mostly mediated by membrane interactions and cytoskeleton failures, merging two independent and/or colocalized cells, existing no host.…”

“…[11,17] Clinically speaking, polyploid cells seem to be involved in stemness, development of resistance to chemotherapeutic treatments, metastasis to bone, as well as tumor relapse. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Hence, efforts have been made on searching for alternatives to generate polyploid cancer cells at laboratory scale. [14][15][16][17] In particular, the type known as Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells (PGCC) has been widely studied, and protocols to produce them in vitro have been established.…”

Presence of cells in the polyaneuploid cancer cell (PACC) state predicts risk of recurrence in prostate cancer

“…The presence of cells in the PACC state has been documented in virtually all cancer types including adenocarcinomas, transitional cell tumors, squamous cell carcinomas, leukemias, lymphomas, glioblastomas, and sarcomas 12,[24][25][26][27][28][29] . Most often observed in metastatic cancers or after treatment, their importance for patient prognosis has been understudied 30,31 .…”