Polyphenols profile and antioxidant activity of skin and pulp of a rare apple from Marche region (Italy)

Abstract

BackgroundApples are an important source of polyphenols in the human diet and the consumption of this fruit has been linked to the prevention of degenerative diseases.ResultsCatechins, procyanidins, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonol glycosides, dihydrochalcone glycosides and one anthocyanin: cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, were identified both in the peel and pulp. Procyanidins, catechins and flavonols represent the main constituents of peel. Concerning the antioxidant activity, in the reduction of the stable DPPH radical and in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, the ethanolic extracts of red peel and red pulp showed a good similar activity comparable to ascorbic acid in the DPPH test and about ten times more active than BHT in the lipoxygenase test, and were much more active than aqueous extracts. The ORAC value of red pulp aqueous extract resulted comparable to that of red berries: vaccinium, rubus and ribes, foods appreciated for their health value.ConclusionThis apple contains an appreciable amount of polyphenols also in the flesh; this variety with red flesh can also be useful for researchers engaged in apples varietal innovation in addition to being used as food apple.

Cocomerina pear: an old and rare fruit with red pulp. Analysis of phenolic content and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory capacity

“…The homogenates were heated at 90°C for 10 min, then filtered and centrifuged at 10,000 g (Giomaro et al, 2014). The supernatants were collected and maintained at −20°C until use.…”

“…These fruits, whose memory is partially or completely lost, are not easy to find, since they are grown only in limited areas, and little is known of their nutritional properties and secondary metabolites content. Many species belong to the genus Pyrus whose fruits are known to be an important source of polyphenolic compounds, which possess multiple biological properties and play important roles in inhibiting both free radicals and oxidative chain-reactions within tissues and membranes (Dai & Mumper, 2010;Giomaro et al, 2014). Therefore, screening the fruits of these plants on the basis of their antioxidant capacity could serve both to highlight their properties and for biodiversity conservation (Büchs, Harenberg, Zimmermann, & Weiß, 2003).…”

Redox protective potential of fruits and vegetables: A review

“…Further observation showed quercetin glycosides in peels. Unripe apples with apple peels constitute valuable source of polyphenols [14][15][16][17]. In a study, indigenous fruits such as wood apple and Jambul were analyzed for total phenolic contents, total flavonoid content and ascorbic acid contents.…”

Evaluation of antioxidant properties and assessment of genetic diversity of Capparis spinosa cultivated in Pantelleria Island.

“…Peroxyl radical was generated using 2. The ORAC value is calculated according to the formula reported by Giomaro et al (2014):…”

“…Analyses were conducted applying the method used by Giomaro et al (2014) with some minor modifications. Fluorescein (3'-6'-dihydroxy-spiro (isobenzofuran-1 (3H), 9'(9H)-xanthen)-3-one) was chosen as the fluorescent probe (Ou et al, 2001;Prior et al, 2003).…”