Polyphenols as Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Compounds and Donors of Reducing Species: Relationship with Human Antioxidant Metabolism

Andrés, Celia María Curieses; Pérez de la Lastra, José Manuel; Juan, Celia Andrés; Plou, Francisco J.; Pérez-Lebeña, Eduardo

doi:10.3390/pr11092771

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 174 publications

(207 reference statements)

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“…As a result, NRF2 accumulates in the cytoplasm and then translocates to the nucleus, where it can activate the ARE sequence. This in turn induces the expression of antioxidant and detoxifying genes, providing a defensive response against OS [ 167 , 168 ]. The o-quinones can covalently bind to nucleophiles such as cysteine, lysine, or histidine residues of proteins [ 169 ].…”

Section: Relationship Of Antioxidant Metabolism Pathways Sirtuins And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Metabolism Pathways in Vitamins, Polyphenols, and Selenium: Parallels and Divergences

Andrés,

Pérez de la Lastra,

Juan

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Free radicals (FRs) are unstable molecules that cause reactive stress (RS), an imbalance between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the body and its ability to neutralize them. These species are generated by both internal and external factors and can damage cellular lipids, proteins, and DNA. Antioxidants prevent or slow down the oxidation process by interrupting the transfer of electrons between substances and reactive agents. This is particularly important at the cellular level because oxidation reactions lead to the formation of FR and contribute to various diseases. As we age, RS accumulates and leads to organ dysfunction and age-related disorders. Polyphenols; vitamins A, C, and E; and selenoproteins possess antioxidant properties and may have a role in preventing and treating certain human diseases associated with RS. In this review, we explore the current evidence on the potential benefits of dietary supplementation and investigate the intricate connection between SIRT1, a crucial regulator of aging and longevity; the transcription factor NRF2; and polyphenols, vitamins, and selenium. Finally, we discuss the positive effects of antioxidant molecules, such as reducing RS, and their potential in slowing down several diseases.

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Section: Relationship Of Antioxidant Metabolism Pathways Sirtuins And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Metabolism Pathways in Vitamins, Polyphenols, and Selenium: Parallels and Divergences

Andrés,

Pérez de la Lastra,

Juan

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…To effectively activate HMOX1, BACH1 must first be deactivated. Several electrophilic chemicals traditionally thought to stimulate NRF2 inhibit BACH1 in practice [ 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Nrf2 and Keap1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various oxidase and reductase enzymes ensure a redox balance when the catechol group is oxidized to o-quinone [ 199 ]. This equilibrium enables the reversible conversion of polyphenolic groups into quinones through the formation of reducing species such as H+ and e− [ 54 ] ( Figure 15 ). Thus, maintaining an appropriate balance between nucleophilic chemicals and electrophilic substances is crucial for the activation of the NRF2–ARE axis, the master regulation of redox responses, and detoxifying signaling components [ 200 ].…”

Section: Role Of Michael Acceptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrophilic Compounds in the Human Diet and Their Role in the Induction of the Transcription Factor NRF2

Andrés,

Pérez de la Lastra,

Bustamante Munguira

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The phrase “Let food be thy medicine…” means that food can be a form of medicine and medicine can be a form of food; in other words, that the diet we eat can have a significant impact on our health and well-being. Today, this phrase is gaining prominence as more and more scientific evidence suggests that one’s diet can help prevent and treat disease. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein can help reduce the risk of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and other health problems and, on the other hand, a diet rich in processed foods, added sugars, and saturated fats can increase the risk of the same diseases. Electrophilic compounds in the diet can have a significant impact on our health, and they are molecules that covalently modify cysteine residues present in the thiol-rich Keap1 protein. These compounds bind to Keap1 and activate NRF2, which promotes its translocation to the nucleus and its binding to DNA in the ARE region, triggering the antioxidant response and protecting against oxidative stress. These compounds include polyphenols and flavonoids that are nucleophilic but are converted to electrophilic quinones by metabolic enzymes such as polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) and sulfur compounds present in foods such as the Brassica genus (broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, Brussel sprouts, etc.) and garlic. This review summarizes our current knowledge on this subject.

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“…In fact, tumor cells exhibit high levels of ROS due to increased cellular metabolism, alterations in O 2 metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation, and the activity of NADPH oxidase. Elevated cellular ROS levels are associated with key aspects of carcinogenesis, including the induction of genetic alterations, cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis [ 93 , 94 ].…”

Section: Bioactive Composition Of L Barbarummentioning

confidence: 99%

Antitumor Mechanisms of Lycium barbarum Fruit: An Overview of In Vitro and In Vivo Potential

Miranda,

Vestuto,

Amodio

et al. 2024

Life

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Lycium barbarum, known as goji berry or wolfberry, is a fruit long associated with health benefits, showing a plethora of effects ranging from antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Its potential is attributed to the significant presence of polysaccharides, glycopeptides, polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and their derivatives. These compounds effectively counteract the action of free radicals, positively influencing cellular balance and intracellular signaling, contributing to overall cell health and function acting on multiple molecular pathways. Several fractions extracted from goji berries demonstrate antitumor properties, particularly effective against breast cancer, without showing cytotoxic effects on normal human cells. Hence, the review explored the fundamental traits of bioactive elements in Lycium barbarum and their potential in cancer treatment and, specifically, breast cancer. It focused on elucidating wolfberry’s influenced biochemical pathways, its synergism with anticancer drugs, and its potential to alleviate the side effects associated with existing cancer treatments.

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Polyphenols as Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Compounds and Donors of Reducing Species: Relationship with Human Antioxidant Metabolism

Cited by 20 publications

References 174 publications

Antioxidant Metabolism Pathways in Vitamins, Polyphenols, and Selenium: Parallels and Divergences

Antioxidant Metabolism Pathways in Vitamins, Polyphenols, and Selenium: Parallels and Divergences

Electrophilic Compounds in the Human Diet and Their Role in the Induction of the Transcription Factor NRF2

Antitumor Mechanisms of Lycium barbarum Fruit: An Overview of In Vitro and In Vivo Potential

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