Polyphenolic Profiling of Forestry Waste by UPLC-HDMSE

Abstract

Polyphenols constitute a diverse array of naturally occurring secondary metabolites found in plants which, when consumed, have been shown to promote human health. Greater consumption may therefore aid in the fight against diseases such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, etc. Tree bark is polyphenol-rich and has potential to be used in food supplements. However, it is important to gain insight into the polyphenol profile of different barks to select the material with greatest concentration and diversity. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was coupled with an ion mobility time-of-flight high-definition/high-resolution mass spectrometer (UPLC-HDMSE) to profile ethanol extracts of three common tree barks (Pinus contorta, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur) alongside a commercial reference (Pycnogenol® extracted from Pinus pinaster). Through the use of Progenesis QI informatics software, 35 high scoring components with reported significance to health were tentatively identified across the three bark extracts following broadly the profile of Pycnogenol®. Scots Pine had generally higher compound abundances than in the other two extracts. Oak bark extract showed the lowest abundances but exhibited higher amounts of naringenin and 3-O-methylrosmarinic acid. We conclude that forestry bark waste provides a rich source of extractable polyphenols suitable for use in food supplements and so can valorise this forestry waste stream.

UHPLC-HRMS Analysis of Fagus sylvatica (Fagaceae) Leaves: A Renewable Source of Antioxidant Polyphenols

“…These latter have been described also as constituents of other forest trees and their wastes. Indeed, recently, bulk samples of bark waste from Pinus contorta, Pinus sylvestris, and Quercus robur, were investigated in depth for their polyphenol content [27], and various biomass residues (shavings, edged cuts, and pruning wastes) from walnut were analyzed as sources of antioxidant compounds by means of a green extraction process [28]. In this context, Pycnogenol ® (PYC) and Flavangenol ® are good examples of commercially available pine bark-based products [29].…”

Polyphenolic Profiling of Green Waste Determined by UPLC-HDMSE

“…One potential solution is the use of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) linked to an ion mobility time-of-flight high-definition/highresolution mass spectrometer (UPLC-HDMS E ). Recent work characterising phenolic compounds in forestry waste has shown that UPLC-HDMS E can provide an in-depth analysis of the wide suite of phenolics present [8]. This is also supported by the use of UPLC-HDMS E for the detection and characterisation of bioactive compounds in complex medicinal mixtures and urine [9,10].…”

“…An experimental design was chosen (between subjects) by creating individual groups for the various plant extracts, plus one for the reference (green tea) and one group for blank extracts. As this detail has previously been published [8], only a brief overview is provided here. Post deconvolution, a 5 ppm precursor tolerance was used to compare ions to the ChemSpider Polyphenols database [13] using isotope similarity scores above 90%, an elemental composition of C, O, H only and in an silico fragmentation tolerance of 90%.…”

“…On the other hand, eriodictyol was present in all of the extracts analysed, with a high abundance in U. europaeus flower and stem, but reasonable amounts were also present in U. dioica and A. ursinum leaf. The potential health benefits of eriodictyol are plentiful [8], with further research showing increasing evidence of its function and benefits. For example, eriodictyol may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis [31], and a study also shows that eriodictyol may provide a new therapeutic strategy for the management of diabetic retinopathy through the inhibition of high glucose-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in retinal ganglial cells [32].…”

Special Issue on “Phenolic Compounds: Extraction, Optimization, Identification and Applications in Food Industry”

“…Profiling of polyphenolics of several agro-forestry by-products by using UPLC-HDMSE was reported by Potter and Jones [7]. They used UPLC-HDMSE tool to profile ethanol extracts of three common tree barks (Pinus contorta, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur).…”