Polyphenolic plant extracts: effects on disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in laboratory animals

Abstract

Modern nutrition has clear evidence of the involvement into the metabolism of many minor food components, which were not previously discussed as factors necessary for life support of health and ill human. One of the innovative approaches to the creation of a new generation of specialized food products for the dietary treatment of type 2 diabetes is a targeted use in their composition plant minor biologically active food substances with proven significant hypoglycemic, cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant action as a «micro-ingredients». Promising sources of natural functional food ingredients for the dietary treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes and its attendant complications are plant extracts with a high content of natural polyphenolic compounds. The natural polyphenolic compounds include flavonoids, obligate food antioxidants what is the reason of their hypoglycemic and/or lipid-lowering effects. However, we consume no individual flavonoids, but their mixtures, with plant food. Data about antidiabetic properties of plant extracts containing various combinations of flavonoids are very important in the framework of the problem of dietary correction and prevention of type 2 diabetes from the position of clinical nutrition. The review briefly discusses the effect of green tea, bilberry leaves and bean coats plant extracts on disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in laboratory animals with experimentally or genetically determined diabetes. The presented analysis of publications shows that the results of experimental studies in vitro and in vivo confirm the antioxidant, hypoglycemic and/or hypolipidemic effect of polyphenolic plant extracts. It was concluded that the inclusion of plant extracts of flavonoids in the specialized food products for targeted nutritional correction and/or prevention of metabolic disorders of type 2 diabetes is a promising direction.

Physical and Chemical Characterization and Bioavailability Evaluation In Vivo of Amaranth Protein Concentrate

“…Amaranth grain contains a unique set of phytonutrients—compounds that protect plants from aggressive environmental influences—such as saponins, phenolic compounds (including flavonoids), phytosterols, and other compounds. The following main groups of phenolic compounds have been identified in the most cultivated amaranth species ( A. caudatus , A. cruentus , and A. hypochondriacus ): phenolic acids (ferulic, p-coumaric, and p-hydroxybenzoic), flavonoids (rutin and quercetin), and tannins [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], both individually and in the composition of extracts [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. According to [ 17 ], 100 g of amaranth grain provides over 50% of the recommended dietary intake of copper, iron, manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc.…”

Hypoglycemic Effects of Polyphenol Complexes from Bilberry Leaves and Fruits Sorbed on Brown Buckwheat Flour -- Experimental Evaluation and Prospects of Use

“…Theauthorsconducted experimental studies on the base of Federal Research Centre of Food and Biotechnology (Russia, Moscow), aimed at the evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of bilberry leaves extract (BLE) for prevention of the carbohydrate metabolism disorders, firstly type 2 diabets (DM2) [14]. The relevance of further investigations is determined by wide spread and high frequency of metabolic syndfome (MS) and DM2, and also by the necessity to expand the variety of proper native specialized food products (SFP) [15].…”