Polyphenol Extracts from Three Colombian Passifloras (Passion Fruits) Prevent Inflammation-Induced Barrier Dysfunction of Caco-2 Cells

Abstract

Chronic intestinal inflammation is associated with pathophysiology of obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastrointestinal inflammation increases barrier dysfunction exacerbating the immune response and perpetuating chronic inflammation. Anti-inflammatory flavonoids may prevent this intestinal barrier dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the polyphenol composition of Colombian Passiflora edulis var. Flavicarpa (Maracuyá), Passiflora edulis var. Sims (Gulupa), and Passiflora ligularis var. Juss (Granadilla) (passion fruits) and to evaluate their ability to inhibit disruption of intestinal barrier dysfunction of Caco-2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) cells by an inflammatory cocktail (IC). Polyphenols (flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids, flavonols), xanthenes, and a terpene were identified in passion fruits. Cyanidin 3-rutinoside, (+)-catechin and ferulic acid were the most abundant phenolics in P. edulis var. Flavicarpa, P. edulis var. Sims, and P. ligularis var. Juss, respectively. Fruit extracts prevented loss of transepithelial electrical resistance in Caco-2 cells treated with the IC. Among the extracts, P. ligularis var. Juss was most effective at maintaining Caco-2 transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) with ~73% relative to the IC-treated cells with about 43% of initial TEER values. This fruit had cyanidin-3-rutinoside, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, and ferulic acid in its phenolic profile. Results of this work support the hypothesis that consumption of passion fruit extracts could benefit intestinal health.

Folin-Ciocalteu Reaction Alternatives for Higher Polyphenol Quantitation in Colombian Passion Fruits

“…The initial gradient was set at 100% A switching linearly to 100% B over 8 min, then held at 100% B for 4 min before returning to 100% A in 1 min. Total run time was 13 min with 3 min postruns [ 20 ]. The identification was done with full-scan acquisition and ion extraction chromatogram (EIC) mode [M+H] + , and a precision of Δ ppm < 0.001 using a mixed solution of external standards and comparable calibration curves (concentration range 0.05 to 5.00 μ g/mL).…”

“…Available comparable reference phenolics were caffeine, theobromine, theophylline, (±)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin, caffeic acid, p -coumaric acid, vanillic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, naringenin, luteolin, kaempferol, ursolic acid, pinocembrin, carnosic acid, apigenin, ferulic acid, cyanidin-3-rutinosede, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin, pelargonidin, quercetin 3-glucoside, and kaempferol 3-glucoside from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) [ 20 ].…”

New Advances in the Determination of Free and Bound Phenolic Compounds of Banana Passion Fruit Pulp (Passiflora tripartita, var. Mollissima (Kunth) L.H. Bailey) and Their In Vitro Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Capacities

“…The presence of phenolic compounds in foods is commonly investigated to determine their putative protective effects against several chronic diseases, as also highlighted by several experimental studies [17][18][19]. Phenolics in fruits and vegetables occur as soluble conjugated and insoluble forms, covalently bound to sugar moieties or to cell wall structures.…”

“…In the last few decades, their popularity has increased around the world, especially in developed countries, because they are associated with health promoting compounds [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Several investigations carried out in the last few years have highlighted the fact that these fruits are important sources of antioxidants such as phenolic compounds, vitamins, carotenoids and minerals [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Their high phytochemical content contributes to their preventive effect against chronic degenerative diseases.…”

Evaluación de la influencia del grado de madurez de la gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims) sobre la aceptación sensorial en productos alimenticios

“…No obstante, actualmente se ha encontrado también que los extractos obtenidos a partir de las cáscaras y la pulpa tienen actividad hepatoprotectora, nefroprotectora y efectos sobre la hipercolesterolemia (Nerdy & Ritarwan, 2019;Grosseli et al, 2014). Se han demostrado propiedades antifatiga de antocianinas purificadas de cáscaras (Hu et al, 2020) y efectos positivos del consumo de productos y subproductos del fruto en personas con enfermedades crónicas no degenerativas (Vasconcelos et al, 2019); así mismo, se ha investigado sobre el potencial antiinflamatorio de las hojas y los extractos de polifenoles para prevenir la inflamación celular (Araújo, 2015;Carmona et al, 2019).…”