Polyphasic characterization reveals the presence of novel fish-associated Chryseobacterium spp. in the Great Lakes of North America

Loch, Thomas P.; Faisal, Mohamed

doi:10.3354/dao02819

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, in a similar fashion to the eggs and ovarian fluid, on only two occasions were non-F. psychrophilum, non-F. columnare flavobacteria from the same taxon recovered from multiple organs in the same fish (Table 2). Nevertheless, their ability to colonize the splenic, renal, and neurological tissues agrees with experimental challenge data for other newly characterized fish-associated flavobacteria (Loch and Faisal, 2014, 2015b, 2016 and reinforces their infectious potential to feral Oncorhynchus spp. An important finding of this study was that the gameteassociated flavobacteria belonging to four different taxa (e.g., F. columnare and three Chryseobacterium spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Gamete-associated flavobacteria of the oviparous Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in lakes Michigan and Huron, North America

Loch

Faisal

2016

J Microbiol.

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Flavobacterial diseases, caused by multiple members of the Family Flavobacteriaceae, elicit serious losses in wild and farmed fish around the world. Flavobacteria are known to be transmitted horizontally; however, vertical transmission has been suspected but proven only for one fish-pathogenic flavobacterial species (e.g., Flavobacterium psychrophilum). Herein, we report on the isolation and molecular identification of multiple Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium taxa from the ovarian fluid and eggs of feral Great Lakes Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Identified egg- and ovarian fluid-associated flavobacteria were either well-known flavobacterial fish pathogens (e.g., F. psychrophilum and F. columnare), most similar to emerging fish-associated flavobacteria (e.g., F. spartansii, F. tructae, F. piscis, C. piscium, C. scophthalmum), or were distinct from all other described Chryseobacterium and Flavobacterium spp., as determined by phylogenetic analyses using neighbor-joining, Bayesian, and Maximum Likelihood methodologies. The gamete-associated flavobacteria fell into three groups (e.g., those that were recovered from the ovarian fluid but not eggs; those that were recovered from the ovarian fluid and eggs; and those that were recovered from eggs but not ovarian fluid), a portion of which were recovered from eggs that were surface disinfected with iodophor at the commonly used dose and duration for egg disinfection. Some gamete-associated flavobacteria were also found in renal, splenic, and neurological tissues. Systemic polymicrobial infections comprised of F. psychrophilum and F. columnare were also detected at nearly an 11% prevalence. This study highlights the potential role that sexual products of female Great Lakes Chinook salmon may play in the transmission of fish-associated flavobacteria.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Gamete-associated flavobacteria of the oviparous Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in lakes Michigan and Huron, North America

Loch

Faisal

2016

J Microbiol.

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“…The milt and spleen isolates (462 and 435) recovered from the same Chinook Salmon fell into a cluster with C. piscium and C. balustinum (Figure 1), the percent of 16S rRNA gene similarity suggesting that the isolates were more similar to the former (99.7%) than the latter (98.5-98.7%). Indeed, we have previously noted the apparent heterogeneity within the 16S rRNA gene for C. piscium and C. piscium-like isolates (Loch and Faisal 2015b), and results from this study further support this notion. Chryseobacterium sp.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In addition to those species that have long been recognized as fish pathogens (e.g., F. columnare, F. psychrophilum, F. branchiophilum, and C. scophthalmum), recent studies have revealed that numerous novel Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium spp. also cause systemic infections and disease outbreaks in farmed salmonids (reviewed in Loch and Faisal 2015a), including those of the Great Lakes (Loch and Faisal 2014;Loch and Faisal 2015b).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…isolate 435). We recently reported on the isolation of other C. piscium-like isolates from diseased steelhead (anadromous Rainbow Trout) and Cisco Coregonus artedi that were also capable of causing multi-systemic infections in experimentally challenged Chinook Salmon, Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, and Brown Trout Salmo trutta fingerlings(Loch and Faisal 2015b). Flavobacteria that were recovered from Chinook Salmon of the Great Lakes, their percent 16S rRNA gene similarity to the most-similar described flavobacterial species, and their prevalence and intensities in each of the four tissue types sampled.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Flavobacteria Isolated from the Milt of Feral Chinook Salmon of the Great Lakes

Loch

Faisal

2015

N American J Aquac

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Fish diseases caused by multiple genera within the family Flavobacteriaceae (Phylum Bacteroidetes) are a major impediment to farmed teleosts. At least one fish-pathogenic flavobacterial species (e.g., Flavobacterium psychrophilum) is transmitted from parents to progeny via infected sexual products, but the majority of research has focused on the role that ovarian fluid and eggs play in bacterial transmission. However, a handful of studies have revealed that milt can also harbor F. psychrophilum. Herein, we report on the isolation and molecular identification of multiple Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium spp. from the milt of feral Great Lakes Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Some of the milt-associated flavobacteria were identified as well-known fish pathogens (e.g., F. columnare, etiological agent of columnaris disease), whereas others were most similar to emerging fish pathogens (e.g., C. piscium) or were distinct from all our described Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium spp., according to partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Although systemic F. psychrophilum infections were detected in the kidneys of 35% of the 120 sampled male Chinook Salmon, the bacterium was never detected in the milt. The findings of this study highlight the role that milt can play in the transmission of a diversity of flavobacterial species.

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“…isolated from fish were not able to induce any clinical signs or gross pathological changes in white sturgeon [ 47 ], diverging from what was previously observed in other fish species with other Chryseobacterium sp. strains [ 48 ]. In addition, Citrobacter freundii has been previously isolated from the internal organs of diseased sturgeons, but no detailed description has been reported regarding these infections [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifactorial Causes of Chronic Mortality in Juvenile Sturgeon (Huso huso)

Ciulli

Volpe

Sirri

et al. 2020

Animals

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This investigation focused on an episode of chronic mortality observed in juvenile Huso huso sturgeons. The examined subjects underwent pathological, microbiological, molecular, and chemical investigations. Grossly severe body shape deformities, epaxial muscle softening, and multifocal ulcerative dermatitis were the main observed findings. The more constant histopathologic findings were moderate to severe rarefaction and disorganization of the lymphohematopoietic lymphoid tissues, myofiber degeneration, atrophy and interstitial edema of skeletal epaxial muscles, and degeneration and atrophy of the gangliar neurons close to the myofibers. Chemical investigations showed a lower selenium concentration in affected animals, suggesting nutritional myopathy. Other manifestations were nephrocalcinosis and splenic vessel wall hyalinosis. Septicemia due to bacteria such as Aeromonas veronii, Shewanella putrefaciens, Citrobacter freundii, Chryseobacterium sp., and pigmented hyphae were found. No major sturgeon viral pathogens were detected by classical methods. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis confirmed the absence of viral pathogens, with the exception of herpesvirus, at the order level; also, the presence of Aeromonas veronii and Shewanella putrefaciens was confirmed at the family level by the metagenomic classification of NGS data. In the absence of a primary yet undetected biological cause, it is supposed that environmental stressors, including nutritional imbalances, may have led to immune system impairment, facilitating the entry of opportunistic bacteria and mycotic hyphae.

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Polyphasic characterization reveals the presence of novel fish-associated Chryseobacterium spp. in the Great Lakes of North America

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Gamete-associated flavobacteria of the oviparous Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in lakes Michigan and Huron, North America

Gamete-associated flavobacteria of the oviparous Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in lakes Michigan and Huron, North America

Flavobacteria Isolated from the Milt of Feral Chinook Salmon of the Great Lakes

Multifactorial Causes of Chronic Mortality in Juvenile Sturgeon (Huso huso)

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