Polyoxometalate – conductive polymer composites for energy conversion, energy storage and nanostructured sensors

Abstract

The exchange of electric charges between a chemical reaction centre and an external electrical circuit is critical for many real-life technologies. This perspective explores the "wiring" of highly redox-active molecular metal oxide anions, so-called polyoxometalates (POMs) to conductive organic polymers (CPs). The major synthetic approaches to these organic-inorganic hybrid materials are reviewed. Typical applications are highlighted, emphasizing the current bottlenecks in materials development. Utilization of the composites in the fields of energy conversion, electrochemical energy storage, sensors and nanoparticle "wiring" into conductive materials are discussed. The outlook section presents the authors' views on emerging fields of research where the combination of POMs and CPs can be expected to provide novel materials for groundbreaking new technologies. These include light-weight energy storage, high-sensitivity toxin sensors, artificial muscles, photoelectrochemical devices and components for fuel cells.

Polymerizable Ionic Liquid Crystals Comprising Polyoxometalate Clusters toward Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Solid Electrolytes

“…The CP-MAImC 1 -PW 12 /MAImC 8 Br hybrid copolymer had good durability against water vapor, while the purely organic P-MAImC 8 Br polymer was quite sensitive against humidity. The increase in the durability against humidity will be derived from the introduction of PW 12 anions into P-MAImC 8 Br, and the hybridization with the inorganic moiety has been revealed to be effective for possible inorganic-organic hybrid solid electrolyte [49].…”

Durable Microstructured Surfaces: Combining Electrical Conductivity with Superoleophobicity

“…[41][42][43] The fabrication of super hydro-oleophobic surfaces follows the rules of surface energy reduction and micro/nano patterns construction. [44][45][46][47][48][49] Fluoropolymers with a high ratio of -CF 3 and -CF 2 functional groups are reported to have much lower surface tension, and are broadly used to reduce the surface energy. 44,47,48 Patterned structures such as micro/nano pillars, [47][48][49] and overhang structures 44 have been constructed to obtain superoleophobicity.…”

Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of bilayers of poly(O-aminophenol)/ polypyrrole/lignin composites for enhanced charge storage in supercapacitors

“…Several studies proved that making a hybrid material of conjugated polymers with transition metal oxides [5][6][7][8], carbon nanomaterials [5][6][7][8], polyoxometalates [9][10][11][12], and quinone containing biomaterials [12][13][14][15][16] significantly improve the energy storage capacity of SCs by combing the redox capacitance and EDLC from the different components.…”