million (ppm), which is ≈50% higher than that of the pre-industrial level (280 ppm). [1] The consequent climate change (the average temperature increase of 0.8 °C above the pre-industrial level) causes global warming, one of the top environmental concerns. [2] To maintain the sustainable development of the society, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recently recommended the warming limit to 1.5 °C rather than 2.0 °C to reduce catastrophic climate change issues, requiring the commitment to take action to control global carbon emission. [3] Under the Paris Agreement, many countries endeavor to reduce greenhouse gas emissions gradually by 2030. [4] The carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a feasible strategy to lower the CO 2 emissions substantially. Long-term storage issues related to the leakage of CO 2 and the lack of economic incentives limited its development. [5] The CO 2 reduction reactions (CO 2 RR) that convert CO 2 into other value-added carbon products could provide a well alternative to the utilization of the captured CO 2 , which not only contributes to the mitigation of CO 2 emission but also offers useful products that can serve as fuels such as CO, HCOOH, CH 3 OH, and CH 4. [6] Moreover, the drive power of CO 2 RR could come from renewable energy resources, such as solar, wind, and hydraulic resources, which indicates that in a green concept, CO 2 RR could complete the carbon loop and potentially solve the issues of global warming and energy crisis simultaneously. [7] 1.1. Fundamental Reaction Pathways of CO 2 RR CO 2 RR is not thermodynamically and kinetically favorable. Every reduction pathway demands a certain amount of energy input. Equations (1-13) shows the reaction steps involved in CO 2 RR (in pH = 7 aqueous solution, vs Normal Hydrogen Electrode (NHE)). [8] As illustrated, it requires a significant amount of reorganizational energy between the linear molecule CO 2 and the bent radical anion − CO 2 • (Equation (1)). When coupling with proton in the reaction, the required reaction energy decreases (Equations (2-12)). Aqueous media with H 2 O molecules become ideal for providing proton into the CO 2 RR system. The reduction potential of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) (Equation (13)) is close to that of CO 2 RR. It makes HER a competitive reaction against CO 2 RR during the reduction CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) provides a promising strategy for sustainable carbon fixation by converting CO 2 into value-added fuels and chemicals. In recent years, considerable efforts are focused on the development of transition-metal (TM)-based catalysts for the selectively electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (ECO 2 RR). Co-based catalysts emerge as one of the most promising electrocatalysts with high Faradaic efficiency, current density, and low overpotential, exhibiting excellent catalytic performance toward ECO 2 RR for CO and HCOOH productions that are economically viable. The intrinsic contribution of Co and the synergistic effects in Co-hybrid catalysts play essential roles for ...