Polyoxometalate Clusters Integrated into Peptide Chains and as Inorganic Amino Acids: Solution‐ and Solid‐Phase Approaches

Abstract

General synthetic methods for the grafting of peptide chains onto polyoxometalate clusters by the use of general activated precursors have been developed. Using a solution‐phase approach, pre‐synthesized peptides can be grafted to a metal oxide cluster to produce hybrids of unprecedented scale (up to 30 residues). An adapted solid‐phase method allows the incorporation of these clusters, which may be regarded as novel hybrid unnatural amino acids, during the peptide synthesis itself. These methods may open the way for the automated synthesis of peptides and perhaps even proteins that contain “inorganic” amino acids.

In vitro cell cytotoxicity profile and morphological response to polyoxometalate-stabilised gold nanoparticles

“…For increased specificity, click chemistry could be used 34 to conjugate cell-penetrating peptides to the POM to direct the payload to its desired location, further increasing the efficacy of the bioactive POM. 35 …”

The Anderson–Evans polyoxometalate: From inorganic building blocks via hybrid organic–inorganic structures to tomorrows “Bio-POM”

“…A Cu-catalyzed alkyne−azide cycloaddition reaction was then applied to link the clusters together forming linear oligomers in the nanometer range. Yvon et al [275] have reported the Mn III Mo 6 POM with 15 amino acids attached on each side of the POM. The modified properties of the inorganic diamine may be useful in both medical and nano-science research, in specific as recognition motifs and catalytically active sites where key amino acids may be replaced by POM amino acids.…”

The crystal structure of bis tetrabutylammonium bis(μ3-2,2,2-tri(hydroxymethyl)ethyl-4-((3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)amino)-4-oxobutanoato)-(μ6-oxido)-hexakis(μ2-oxido)-hexaoxido-hexavanadium(V), C58H112N4O29V6

“…Among the various POMs, the organic derivatives of polyoxovanadates (POVs) have attracted increasing attentions due to their fascinating catalytic, magnetic properties as well as bioactivities [5][6][7][8]. The combination of POVs and amino acids may improve the bioactivities of the POVs and reduce their toxicity [9,10].…”